American Pageant: Chapter 15 Flashcards
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American Pageant: Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the Age of Reason?

Written by Thomas Paine, it declared that all churches were set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit.

What does Deism emphasize?

Reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge.

What are Unitarians known for?

Believing in a unitary deity and rejecting the divinity of Christ.

Describe the Second Great Awakening.

<p>A religious revival characterized by emotional mass camp meetings and widespread conversion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Burned-Over District?

<p>A popular name for Western New York, particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Mormons?

<p>Religious followers of Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Lyceum?

<p>A public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the American Temperance Society?

<p>An effort of nineteenth-century reformers to limit alcohol consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Maine Law of 1851 prohibit?

<p>The manufacture and sale of alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened at the Convention at Seneca Falls?

<p>Women met to discuss women's rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was New Harmony?

<p>A communal society of around one thousand members established in Indiana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Brook Farm?

<p>A Transcendentalist commune founded by a group of intellectuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Oneida Community advocate?

<p>Free love, birth control, and eugenics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Shakers?

<p>A group that emphasized simple, communal living and celibacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hudson River School?

<p>An American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Minstrel shows?

<p>Variety shows performed by white actors in blackface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Transcendentalism?

<p>A literary and intellectual movement emphasizing individualism and self-reliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'The American Scholar'?

<p>Ralph Waldo Emerson's address declaring intellectual independence from Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Peter Cartwright?

<p>A dominant preacher who called sinners to repent and converted thousands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

<p>A preacher who attracted huge crowds and condemned alcohol and slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Joseph Smith?

<p>A visionary who claimed he received golden plates from an angel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Brigham Young?

<p>The leader who succeeded Joseph Smith and was known for his organizational skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Horace Mann campaign for?

<p>Better schools, longer terms, higher pay for teachers, and an enlarged curriculum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Dorothea Dix do?

<p>Reported on insanity and asylums, advocating for the mentally ill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who sponsored the Maine Law of 1851?

<p>Neal S. Dow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Lucretia Mott?

<p>A leader of the women's rights movement and a Quaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton support?

<p>Suffrage for women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Susan B. Anthony?

<p>A militant lecturer for women's rights and an outstanding supporter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was notable about Lucy Stone?

<p>She kept her maiden name after marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Amelia Bloomer?

<p>An advocate for women's rights who challenged traditional female attire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Robert Owen?

<p>The founder of a community of a thousand people in New Harmony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John J. Audubon?

<p>A naturalist known for 'Birds of America'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Stephen C. Foster?

<p>A white Pennsylvanian who wrote songs about the spirit of the slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was James Fenimore Cooper?

<p>The first American novelist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?

<p>A transcendentalist who became a critic of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry David Thoreau?

<p>A poet and transcendentalist known for his writings on civil disobedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Walt Whitman known for?

<p>Writing romantic and emotional poetry, including 'Leaves of Grass'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Wadsworth Longfellow?

<p>One of the most popular poets in America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Louisa May Alcott?

<p>A female poet who wrote 'Little Women'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What themes did Emily Dickinson's poems include?

<p>Love, nature, death, and immortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Nathaniel Hawthorne known for?

<p>Writing 'The Scarlet Letter' and 'The Marble Faun'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Herman Melville write?

<p>'Moby Dick'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Francis Parkman publish?

<p>Volumes describing the struggle between France and Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Religious Movements and Doctrines

  • Age of Reason: A work by Thomas Paine criticizing organized religion for monopolizing power and inflicting fear.
  • Deism: An 18th-century belief emphasizing reason and science over scripture, advocating for moral behavior through understanding.
  • Unitarians: Followers who reject the divinity of Christ, focusing on a single deity and the goodness of humanity, emphasizing free will and salvation through deeds.
  • Second Great Awakening: A religious revival marked by emotional gatherings and widespread conversions in the early 19th century.
  • Burned-Over District: A nickname for Western New York, notable for its intense religious enthusiasm during the Second Great Awakening.

Utopian Communities and Social Movements

  • Mormons: Followers of Joseph Smith, who established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the 1830s with a communal approach.
  • New Harmony: A communal society founded by Robert Owen in Indiana, aimed at creating an ideal living environment.
  • Brook Farm: A Transcendentalist commune promoting simple living and intellectual pursuit.
  • Oneida Community: A radical utopian society that advocated for free love, birth control, and eugenics.
  • Shakers: A religious group promoting communal living and celibacy.

Education and Reform Movements

  • Lyceum: Public forums that hosted lectures on diverse topics, fostering intellectual engagement.
  • American Temperance Society: A reform initiative aimed at reducing alcohol consumption.
  • Maine Law of 1851: Legislation that banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol.
  • Horace Mann: Advocate for educational reform, seeking improved school systems, longer terms, and better pay for teachers.
  • Dorothea Dix: A pioneer in advocating for the mentally ill and reforming asylums.

Women's Rights Movement

  • Convention at Seneca Falls: The first women's rights convention discussing issues like suffrage.
  • Lucretia Mott: Quaker activist for women's rights, outraged by her treatment at an antislavery convention.
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Women's rights leader who shocked peers by advocating for female suffrage.
  • Susan B. Anthony: A prominent figure in the women's rights movement known for her impactful lectures.
  • Lucy Stone: Known for retaining her maiden name after marriage, promoting women's independence.
  • Amelia Bloomer: Challenged traditional women's dress by introducing more practical clothing.

Literary and Artistic Developments

  • Hudson River School: An artistic movement known for romantic landscape paintings.
  • Minstrel Shows: Controversial performances by white actors in blackface, critiqued for perpetuating stereotypes.
  • Transcendentalism: A movement emphasizing individual intuition and connection to the divine.
  • The American Scholar: Ralph Waldo Emerson's address advocating for American intellectual independence.

Influential Figures

  • Peter Cartwright: Influential preacher who urged repentance and converted many.
  • Charles Grandison Finney: Notable preacher who condemned alcohol and slavery, drawing large crowds.
  • Joseph Smith: Founder of the Mormon faith, claimed divine revelation through golden plates.
  • Brigham Young: Successor to Smith, known for his leadership in establishing Mormon communities.
  • Robert Owen: Founder of New Harmony, promoting communal living.
  • John J. Audubon: Naturalist renowned for "Birds of America," leading to the formation of the Audubon Society.
  • Stephen C. Foster: Composer who captured the spirit of enslaved individuals in his music.
  • James Fenimore Cooper: The first American novelist, exploring themes of national identity.
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson: Key transcendentalist thinker and critic of slavery.
  • Henry David Thoreau: Writer and activist whose work inspired future civil disobedience movements.
  • Walt Whitman: Celebrated poet with emotionally charged works like "Leaves of Grass."
  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: One of America's most popular poets.
  • Louisa May Alcott: Renowned for her novel "Little Women."
  • Emily Dickinson: Poet known for her themes of love, nature, death, and immortality.
  • Nathaniel Hawthorne: Author of acclaimed works like "The Scarlet Letter."
  • Herman Melville: Renowned for his novel "Moby Dick."
  • Francis Parkman: Historian who documented the rivalry between France and Britain in North America.

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Explore key concepts and terms from Chapter 15 of the American Pageant. This quiz features important definitions such as the Age of Reason, Deism, and Unitarians. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of early American religious thought.

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