American Imperialism 1898-1945

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the core belief of anti-imperialists regarding foreign policy?

  • The United States should aggressively acquire overseas territories to secure resources and project power.
  • Each nation should have the right to determine its own governance without external interference. (correct)
  • A strong navy is essential for protecting American interests and promoting global trade.
  • The United States has a moral obligation to spread democracy and capitalism around the world.

The primary goal of muckrakers during the Progressive Era was to celebrate the successes of big businesses and political machines.

False (B)

What was the primary economic motivation behind American imperialist expansion during Period 7?

access to raw materials

The Platt Amendment, imposed on Cuba after the Spanish-American War, allowed the US to intervene ______ in Cuba if American interests were threatened.

<p>militarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each individual with their contribution to either imperialist or anti-imperialist sentiment:

<p>Josiah Strong = Argued for expansion based on racial and religious superiority. Alfred Thayer Mahan = Advocated for a strong navy to secure foreign markets and territories. George Washington = Advocated for a policy of isolationism and non-interference in foreign affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did yellow journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War?

<p>By exaggerating Spanish atrocities and pressuring the U.S. government to intervene. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Open Door Policy aimed to establish exclusive American trading rights in China.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What territories did the United States gain control over as a result of the Spanish-American War?

<p>Philippines and Cuba</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 17th Amendment provided for the direct election of ______ by the people.

<p>senators</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each amendment with its focus:

<p>18th Amendment = Prohibition of alcohol 19th Amendment = Women's Suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

<p>It exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry, leading to reforms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frederick Taylor's work focused on making politics more efficient.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one specific legislative reform that Progressives implemented to increase direct democracy.

<p>initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Josiah Strong advocated for imperial expansion based on the idea that the ______ race was superior.

<p>white Anglo-Saxon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the muckraker with the focus of their investigative journalism:

<p>Ida Tarbell = Standard Oil Company Jacob Riis = Living conditions in New York tenements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed to the rise of the Progressive Era?

<p>Growing concerns about the power of big business and social inequalities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The annexation of Hawaii was primarily motivated by the desire to spread American democratic ideals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 'recall' reform during the Progressive Era?

<p>remove corrupt politicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alfred Thayer Mahan's book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, argued that a strong ______ was essential for a nation's power and prosperity.

<p>navy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is most directly associated with the beginning of the Spanish-American War?

<p>The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why maize cultivation was significant to the development of American Indian societies?

<p>It led to the development of permanent settlements and more complex social structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the long-term impact of the Columbian Exchange?

<p>It facilitated the exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did mercantilism influence the economic relationship between Britain and its American colonies?

<p>It aimed to enrich Britain by requiring the colonies to provide raw materials and serve as a market for British goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the underlying cause of the First Great Awakening?

<p>Religious apathy and a desire for more emotional and personal religious experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

<p>It lacked a strong central authority, making it difficult to address national issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Proclamation of 1763?

<p>To prevent conflicts between colonists and American Indians by restricting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of judicial review established during Period 4?

<p>The power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Second Great Awakening influence American society during Period 4?

<p>It fostered social reform movements and a sense of national identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Manifest Destiny in the mid-19th century?

<p>It justified American expansion westward and the displacement of American Indians. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the economic differences between the North and the South contribute to the Civil War?

<p>The North's industrial economy and opposition to slavery clashed with the South's agricultural economy and reliance on slave labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Reconstruction period after the Civil War?

<p>To rebuild and reintegrate the South into the Union while guaranteeing rights for African Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Second Industrial Revolution influence the relationship between business and labor?

<p>It created a wide gap between wealthy owners and poor workers, leading to labor unrest and the rise of unions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Progressives try to address the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization?

<p>By implementing social programs and increasing government spending to address social inequalities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the New Deal attempt to address the challenges of the Great Depression?

<p>By implementing a wide-ranging government approach that included infrastructure projects, employment aid, and direct relief. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Cold War impact domestic policy and society in the United States?

<p>It fueled fears of communism and domestic subversion, leading to increased surveillance and restrictions on civil liberties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imperialism

The expansion of a country's political, economic, and military influence over another.

Imperialists

Belief in growth to obtain valuable raw materials and new markets.

Social Darwinism

Justification for expansion based on the idea of the "survival of the fittest."

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Argued that a strong navy was essential for securing foreign markets and a country's strength.

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Self Determination

Belief that each nation should decide its own rulers and laws.

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Isolationism

Staying neutral and not interfering in foreign affairs.

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Yellow Journalism

Sensational and often untrue journalism that exaggerated Spanish atrocities in Cuba.

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Platt Amendment

Legislation that allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuba if American economic interests were threatened.

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Open Door Policy

Policy advocating for open trade access for all nations in China.

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Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices.

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The Jungle

Sinclair's book exposing unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry.

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Jacob Riis

Exposed unsanitary living conditions of the poor in New York's tenements.

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Secret Ballot

Citizens vote in private.

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Direct Election of Senators

Senators are elected by the people of their states.

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Prohibition

Constitutional ban on alcohol production and sale.

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Women's Suffrage

Women gain the right to vote.

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Initiative

Voters can require legislators to consider a bill.

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Referendum

Voters can vote on proposed laws.

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Recall

Citizens can remove a corrupt politician from office.

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Frederick Taylor

Sought to make factory work more efficient.

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Maize (Corn)

Another name for corn, staple crop for American Indians, allowed for a more sedentary lifestyle.

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Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who stumbled upon the New World. Sailed across the Atlantic to try finding a new route to India.

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"God, Gold, Glory"

Motivations for early European explorers: God, Gold, and Glory.

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Encomienda System

Forced labor system used by the Spanish. American Indians were required to work for no pay.

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Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Mercantilism

An economic system where countries tried to increase their wealth through government control of all aspects of trade

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Cash Crops

Crops that could be grown in large quantities and sold for a profit.

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First Great Awakening

A religious movement that promoted emotional, evangelical Protestantism through "fire and brimstone" sermons and camp meetings

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French and Indian War

A conflict between the French and the English over control of the Ohio River Valley.

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Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States; established a very weak federal government

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U.S. Constitution

The foundation of the U.S. federal government

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Federalist papers

A series of papers written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison that advocated for a strong federal government

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Judicial Review

Ability of the Supreme Court to determine whether a law is constitutional

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American System

A plan proposed by Henry Clay that was intended to strengthen the economy of the U.S. through a combination of tariffs, national banks, and infrastructure

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution that guarantee different civil liberties

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Study Notes

Imperialism

  • Social Darwinists thought the white Anglo-Saxon race was the most evolved and saw it as their Christian responsibility to spread influence.
  • Alfred Thayer Mahan thought a strong navy would secure foreign markets and gain territories for refueling, leading Congress to create a new steel fleet.

Progressive Era

  • The growing power of businesses, economic uncertainties, violent labor conflicts, the power of political machines, Jim Crow segregation, women's suffrage, and alcohol are what led to the start of the Progressive Era.
  • Protestant church leaders, feminists, union leaders, and African Americans became involved in the Progressive Era.

Expansion of Democracy

  • Progressives wanted to challenge the influence of political bosses using a secret ballot, ensuring fair elections.
  • The 17th Amendment (1913) was created allowing the direct election of senators by the people, and not just state legislatures.
  • The 19th Amendment (1920) made it so women were allowed to vote.

Legislative Reforms

  • Frederick Taylor advocated for scientific management in 1909 and wanted to make factories more efficient.

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