Period 2
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Questions and Answers

What year was the community of Providence founded?

  • 1637
  • 1635
  • 1636 (correct)
  • 1638
  • Who founded the community of Providence?

  • Roger Williams (correct)
  • John Smith
  • Thomas Hooker
  • William Bradford
  • What significant religious establishment did Williams start in America?

  • The first Congregational church
  • One of the first Baptist churches (correct)
  • The first Methodist church
  • The first Puritan church
  • What geographical region did Williams flee to from Boston?

    <p>Narragansett Bay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the community founded by Williams?

    <p>A refuge for religious freedom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did King Charles II take regarding New Hampshire in 1679?

    <p>He made it a royal colony. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for King Charles II's action regarding New Hampshire?

    <p>To increase royal control over the colonies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was given authority over the newly created royal colony of New Hampshire?

    <p>A governor appointed by the king. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the status of New Hampshire after being separated from the Massachusetts Bay colony?

    <p>It became a royal colony. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did King Charles II separate New Hampshire from the Massachusetts Bay colony?

    <p>1679 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action was being requested in the excerpt?

    <p>A command to attack the Indians at their own expense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of His Honor regarding the request mentioned?

    <p>He repeatedly promised but did not follow through with action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did the protractions mentioned in the excerpt have on the people?

    <p>It caused many civilian casualties during the delays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group appears to be facing the consequences of the indecision mentioned in the excerpt?

    <p>The civilians caught in conflict (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern expressed in the excerpt regarding the situation?

    <p>The lack of commitment from leadership to act on promises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurred regarding the status of baptized Christians in 1664?

    <p>The law preventing the enslavement of baptized Christians was overturned. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Maryland declare regarding baptism and enslavement?

    <p>Baptism had no impact on an enslaved person's status. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What restriction was placed on White women in Maryland during this period?

    <p>They could not marry African American men. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the laws in 1664, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Enslaved persons who were baptized remained in bondage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following did not change by 1664 regarding the status of enslaved individuals?

    <p>They were provided with marriage rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotion did Edwards attribute to God regarding human behavior?

    <p>Anger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must individuals do to avoid eternal damnation according to Edwards?

    <p>Deeply repent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence did Edwards suggest for those who ignore God's commandments?

    <p>They will suffer eternal damnation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the tone of Edwards' message about God?

    <p>Stern (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Edwards' view, salvation is primarily available to whom?

    <p>Those who deeply repent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did lawyers play in the colonial period during the 1760s and 1770s?

    <p>They argued for colonial rights and influenced public opinion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is NOT recognized as a lawyer who contributed to the arguments for colonial rights?

    <p>Thomas Jefferson (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was an impact of the legal arguments made by lawyers like John Adams, James Otis, and Patrick Henry?

    <p>They laid the intellectual groundwork for the American Revolution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the attitude towards lawyers in the 1760s and 1770s?

    <p>Lawyers gained increased respect due to their advocacy for colonial rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of the legal arguments presented by these colonial lawyers?

    <p>They were influenced by Enlightenment ideas and focused on rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Who founded Providence?

    Roger Williams founded the settlement of Providence in 1636.

    When was Providence founded?

    The community of Providence was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams and his followers.

    Why did Roger Williams leave Boston?

    Roger Williams left Boston and traveled southward to Narragansett Bay to found Providence.

    What kind of church did Roger Williams establish in Providence?

    Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, established one of the first Baptist churches in America.

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    Who were the early settlers of Providence?

    Providence was established by Roger Williams and his followers who were escaping religious persecution.

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    Royal Colony

    The king's direct rule over a colony with an appointed governor.

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    Separation

    A separation, especially of a region with a new system.

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    Royal Control

    The process of transferring control from a local authority to a royal governor.

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    Royal Colony

    A colony ruled by a governor appointed by the king.

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    Proprietary Colony

    A colony with self-government, often led by elected officials.

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    Beseeching

    A formal request or plea, often made in a humble or earnest manner.

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    Commission

    A group of people authorized to perform a specific task, often with official powers.

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    Protractions

    To delay or postpone something, often unintentionally.

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    Officers

    Individuals appointed to a position of authority, especially in government or the military.

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    Slain

    To kill someone, often in a violent or sudden way.

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    Edwards' view of God

    Edwards used strong, descriptive language from the Old Testament to describe God's immense anger towards human sin.

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    What did Edwards believe about salvation?

    Edwards believed that people who truly regretted their sins would be saved.

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    What did Edwards believe about ignoring God's laws?

    Those who chose to ignore God's laws would face eternal punishment after death.

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    What was the main message of Edwards' sermons?

    Edwards' sermons emphasized the danger of human sin and the need for genuine repentance.

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    Where did Edwards' beliefs about God's wrath come from?

    Edwards' teachings were influenced by the Old Testament's depictions of a righteous, yet wrathful God.

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    Maryland's stance on slavery and baptism

    In 1664, English law stated that baptized Christians could not be enslaved. However, Maryland overturned this law, declaring that baptism did not change an enslaved person's status.

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    Marriage restrictions in 17th century Maryland

    Maryland passed a law in 1664 prohibiting White women from marrying African American men.

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    Purpose of Maryland's 1664 law

    The law passed in Maryland in 1664 aimed to maintain the social hierarchy and prevent the integration of African Americans into White society.

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    Maryland's role in shaping racial identity

    Maryland's decision to overturn English law regarding slavery and baptism was a significant step in the development of racial distinctions in colonial America.

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    Reflection of societal norms in Maryland

    The prohibition against interracial marriage in Maryland was a reflection of the prevailing societal norms and prejudices of the time.

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    What role did lawyers play in the American Revolution?

    The legal arguments made by lawyers like John Adams, James Otis, and Patrick Henry, fighting for the rights of the colonies, ultimately became the foundation for the American Revolution.

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    Who were some key lawyers during the colonial era?

    John Adams, James Otis, and Patrick Henry were prominent lawyers who used their legal skills to advocate for the rights of the American colonies, ultimately contributing to the intellectual foundation of the American Revolution.

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    How did colonial lawyers influence the revolution?

    Their forceful and persuasive arguments emphasized the rights of the colonies, contributing to the growing discontent with British rule and paving the way for the American Revolution.

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    What was the impact of these lawyers' arguments?

    The legal arguments of these lawyers provided the intellectual underpinnings that proved crucial in convincing the colonists that they were right to fight for independence. They provided the moral and legal justification for the revolution.

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    Why are colonial lawyers significant?

    Lawyers in the 1760s and 1770s played a significant role in the development of American ideals. They provided a platform for the colonists and their grievances, ultimately shaping the course of American history.

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    Study Notes

    Period 2: 1607-1754

    • This period in the Americas was a time of European exploration, beginning with the Spanish and evolving into colonization.
    • The British had significant control over colonization by the 1700s, particularly along the Atlantic coast.
    • The British established thirteen colonies; some were designed for profit, others for religious freedom, or to escape persecution.
    • Early settlements struggled for survival, first focused on survival, then became permanent farms, plantations, towns, and cities.

    Early Settlements

    • The Spanish and Portuguese initially settled in Central and South America before slowly expanding into North. America.
    • The French, Dutch, and British settled along the Atlantic coast, engaging in relations with the Native Americans.
    • Jamestown (1607) and Plymouth (1620) were the first two successful British colonies.
    • These colonies were influenced by environmental and settlement patterns; each colony developed its own economic and cultural system unique in its context:

    Sources of Labor

    • Europeans initially tried to enslave Native Americans but struggled with their escape.
    • Indentured servants became a common form of labor, with individuals working for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas.
    • The British colonist relied on the labor of enslaved Africans from 1607-1750s, particularly in the south.

    European Colonization in North America

    • The motives for European colonization include wealth, the spread of Christianity, and escaping persecution.
    • The Spanish established St. Augustine, the oldest European settlement in what is now the continental US.
    • The French established Quebec along the St. Lawrence River, primarily centered on fur trade. The Dutch traded in New Amsterdam (now New York).
    • English colonies gradually expanded along the Atlantic coast, with varied motives, including religious freedom.

    British Colonies

    • English settlements expanded in part due to population growth and fewer economic opportunities in Great Britain.
    • Joint-stock companies, such as the Virginia Company, financed the risky enterprise of colonization.
    • The colonies attracted diverse groups of European settlers, including families and single females, attracted to farming.

    Regions of British Colonies

    • Distinct differences existed amongst the British colonies based on factors like environment or settlement patterns.
    • Key characteristics of the regions included their types of charters (corporate, royal, or proprietary), and economic activities like farming, fishing, or trade.
    • The colonies were founded with a wide range of purposes (religions, economic factors, and political reasons) and developed unique cultures and societies.

    Transatlantic Trade

    • Europeans developed sophisticated business partnerships with African elites, essential to the development of transatlantic trade.
    • A triangular trade route emerged, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.
    • The British government implemented mercantilist policies via Acts of Trade and Navigation limiting colonial trade to benefit the empire's needs.

    Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans

    • European interaction with Native Americans involved conflict and cooperation.
    • Some tribes allied with European colonists to combat other tribes or European rivals; other tribes acted independently.
    • Conflicts over land and resources, including wars like Metacom's War or Bacon's Rebellion, were prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries.
    • Colonial expansion and the desire for land led to conflict between European colonists and Native Americans.

    Slavery in the British Colonies

    • Demand for labor in the growing agricultural economies of the southern colonies led to the increasing use of enslaved Africans.
    • The transatlantic slave trade was a crucial part of the colonial economy.
    • The development of laws regarding enslaved persons varied in different parts of the colonies; but a central concern focused on how to maintain control over enslaved people as the enslaved population grew.
    • The enslavement of Africans was controversial and led to resistance within the British colonies.

    Colonial Society and Culture

    • The 13 British colonies developed unique societies and cultures.
    • Colonial society was predominantly comprised of English settlers but attracted a variety of people from other nations across Europe.
    • Colonists sought self-determination in areas like religion and economy.
    • Diverse religious beliefs existed among colonists, although the governments, often supported a particular denomination.
    • The culture of the colonies was shaped by a variety of factors, including its diverse ethnic groups and evolving relationship with Britain.

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    Explore the founding of the Providence community, established by Roger Williams, and its significance in American religious history. This quiz covers key events and decisions made by King Charles II regarding New Hampshire in the late 17th century.

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