Period 2

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Questions and Answers

What year was the community of Providence founded?

1637

1635

1636 (correct)

1638

Who founded the community of Providence?

Roger Williams (correct)

John Smith

Thomas Hooker

William Bradford

What significant religious establishment did Williams start in America?

The first Congregational church

One of the first Baptist churches (correct)

The first Methodist church

The first Puritan church

What geographical region did Williams flee to from Boston?

Narragansett Bay Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes the community founded by Williams?

A refuge for religious freedom Signup and view all the answers

What action did King Charles II take regarding New Hampshire in 1679?

He made it a royal colony. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for King Charles II's action regarding New Hampshire?

To increase royal control over the colonies. Signup and view all the answers

Who was given authority over the newly created royal colony of New Hampshire?

A governor appointed by the king. Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of New Hampshire after being separated from the Massachusetts Bay colony?

It became a royal colony. Signup and view all the answers

In what year did King Charles II separate New Hampshire from the Massachusetts Bay colony?

1679 Signup and view all the answers

What action was being requested in the excerpt?

A command to attack the Indians at their own expense Signup and view all the answers

What was the response of His Honor regarding the request mentioned?

He repeatedly promised but did not follow through with action Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the protractions mentioned in the excerpt have on the people?

It caused many civilian casualties during the delays Signup and view all the answers

Which group appears to be facing the consequences of the indecision mentioned in the excerpt?

The civilians caught in conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern expressed in the excerpt regarding the situation?

The lack of commitment from leadership to act on promises Signup and view all the answers

What change occurred regarding the status of baptized Christians in 1664?

The law preventing the enslavement of baptized Christians was overturned. Signup and view all the answers

What did Maryland declare regarding baptism and enslavement?

Baptism had no impact on an enslaved person's status. Signup and view all the answers

What restriction was placed on White women in Maryland during this period?

They could not marry African American men. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the laws in 1664, which of the following statements is true?

Enslaved persons who were baptized remained in bondage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following did not change by 1664 regarding the status of enslaved individuals?

They were provided with marriage rights. Signup and view all the answers

What emotion did Edwards attribute to God regarding human behavior?

Anger Signup and view all the answers

What must individuals do to avoid eternal damnation according to Edwards?

Deeply repent Signup and view all the answers

What consequence did Edwards suggest for those who ignore God's commandments?

They will suffer eternal damnation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the tone of Edwards' message about God?

Stern Signup and view all the answers

Based on Edwards' view, salvation is primarily available to whom?

Those who deeply repent Signup and view all the answers

What role did lawyers play in the colonial period during the 1760s and 1770s?

They argued for colonial rights and influenced public opinion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is NOT recognized as a lawyer who contributed to the arguments for colonial rights?

Thomas Jefferson Signup and view all the answers

What was an impact of the legal arguments made by lawyers like John Adams, James Otis, and Patrick Henry?

They laid the intellectual groundwork for the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the attitude towards lawyers in the 1760s and 1770s?

Lawyers gained increased respect due to their advocacy for colonial rights. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of the legal arguments presented by these colonial lawyers?

They were influenced by Enlightenment ideas and focused on rights. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Period 2: 1607-1754

This period in the Americas was a time of European exploration, beginning with the Spanish and evolving into colonization.
The British had significant control over colonization by the 1700s, particularly along the Atlantic coast.
The British established thirteen colonies; some were designed for profit, others for religious freedom, or to escape persecution.
Early settlements struggled for survival, first focused on survival, then became permanent farms, plantations, towns, and cities.

Early Settlements

The Spanish and Portuguese initially settled in Central and South America before slowly expanding into North. America.
The French, Dutch, and British settled along the Atlantic coast, engaging in relations with the Native Americans.
Jamestown (1607) and Plymouth (1620) were the first two successful British colonies.
These colonies were influenced by environmental and settlement patterns; each colony developed its own economic and cultural system unique in its context:

Sources of Labor

Europeans initially tried to enslave Native Americans but struggled with their escape.
Indentured servants became a common form of labor, with individuals working for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas.
The British colonist relied on the labor of enslaved Africans from 1607-1750s, particularly in the south.

European Colonization in North America

The motives for European colonization include wealth, the spread of Christianity, and escaping persecution.
The Spanish established St. Augustine, the oldest European settlement in what is now the continental US.
The French established Quebec along the St. Lawrence River, primarily centered on fur trade. The Dutch traded in New Amsterdam (now New York).
English colonies gradually expanded along the Atlantic coast, with varied motives, including religious freedom.

British Colonies

English settlements expanded in part due to population growth and fewer economic opportunities in Great Britain.
Joint-stock companies, such as the Virginia Company, financed the risky enterprise of colonization.
The colonies attracted diverse groups of European settlers, including families and single females, attracted to farming.

Regions of British Colonies

Distinct differences existed amongst the British colonies based on factors like environment or settlement patterns.
Key characteristics of the regions included their types of charters (corporate, royal, or proprietary), and economic activities like farming, fishing, or trade.
The colonies were founded with a wide range of purposes (religions, economic factors, and political reasons) and developed unique cultures and societies.

Transatlantic Trade

Europeans developed sophisticated business partnerships with African elites, essential to the development of transatlantic trade.
A triangular trade route emerged, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, enslaved people, and raw materials.
The British government implemented mercantilist policies via Acts of Trade and Navigation limiting colonial trade to benefit the empire's needs.

Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans

European interaction with Native Americans involved conflict and cooperation.
Some tribes allied with European colonists to combat other tribes or European rivals; other tribes acted independently.
Conflicts over land and resources, including wars like Metacom's War or Bacon's Rebellion, were prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Colonial expansion and the desire for land led to conflict between European colonists and Native Americans.

Slavery in the British Colonies

Demand for labor in the growing agricultural economies of the southern colonies led to the increasing use of enslaved Africans.
The transatlantic slave trade was a crucial part of the colonial economy.
The development of laws regarding enslaved persons varied in different parts of the colonies; but a central concern focused on how to maintain control over enslaved people as the enslaved population grew.
The enslavement of Africans was controversial and led to resistance within the British colonies.

Colonial Society and Culture

The 13 British colonies developed unique societies and cultures.
Colonial society was predominantly comprised of English settlers but attracted a variety of people from other nations across Europe.
Colonists sought self-determination in areas like religion and economy.
Diverse religious beliefs existed among colonists, although the governments, often supported a particular denomination.
The culture of the colonies was shaped by a variety of factors, including its diverse ethnic groups and evolving relationship with Britain.

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Description

Explore the founding of the Providence community, established by Roger Williams, and its significance in American religious history. This quiz covers key events and decisions made by King Charles II regarding New Hampshire in the late 17th century.