American History Chapter 6 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is suffrage?

  • An ideal society
  • A system where members of Congress choose the party's candidate
  • The practice of giving people government jobs based on party loyalty
  • The right to vote (correct)
  • What is the spoils system?

    The practice of giving people government jobs on the basis of party loyalty

    What is the caucus system?

    A nomination system in which the members of the party who are serving in Congress choose the party's candidate.

    What was the Tariff of Abominations?

    <p>A tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to secede?

    <p>To formally withdraw from the union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Daniel Webster?

    <p>A leading attorney who argued many famous cases in the Supreme Court; Congressman from New Hampshire and senator representing Massachusetts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Force Bill?

    <p>A law that gave the federal government the right to forcibly collect tariffs from southern states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Indian Removal Act?

    <p>(1830) A congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Trail of Tears?

    <p>(1838-39) An 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Panic of 1837?

    <p>A depression that resulted in the closure of many banks and record unemployment levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nativism?

    <p>Hostility toward foreigners caused by fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Know-Nothings?

    <p>An anti-immigrant political movement of the 1840s and 1850s, also known as the American Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Second Great Awakening?

    <p>A 19th-century religious movement emphasizing individual responsibility for seeking salvation and the need for personal and social improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

    <p>An important preacher in the revivalist movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Joseph Smith?

    <p>A religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a utopia?

    <p>An ideal society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is romanticism?

    <p>A movement that advocated feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules, the individual above society, and nature over environments created by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transcendentalism?

    <p>A philosophical movement that urged people to transcend their minds and embrace the beauty of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Dorothea Dix?

    <p>A person responsible for creating homes for the mentally ill and reforming the prison system in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Lyman Beecher?

    <p>A Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader, and a leader of the Second Great Awakening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benevolent society?

    <p>An aid organization set up by residents of a community to help its immigrants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is temperance?

    <p>Moderation in the consumption of alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a penitentiary?

    <p>A correctional institution based on the concept that inmates could change their criminality through reflection and penitence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Horace Mann?

    <p>An American educator who was the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

    <p>A founder and leader of the American woman suffrage movement from 1848.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

    <p>An 1848 woman's rights meeting at which the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments was presented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the American Colonization Society?

    <p>A society that thought slavery was bad and aimed to buy land in Africa for free blacks to relocate to; one colony became Liberia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is abolition?

    <p>The movement to end slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

    <p>A leading New England abolitionist and editor of The Liberator, who advocated for immediate emancipation of all black slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emancipation?

    <p>The freeing of all enslaved people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the American Anti-Slavery Society?

    <p>(1833-1870) An abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, advocating for the immediate abolition of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Suffrage and Political Systems

    • Suffrage refers to the right to vote, a key democratic principle.
    • Spoils System involves granting government jobs based on political loyalty rather than merit.
    • Caucus System is a nomination method where party members in Congress select their candidate.

    Tariffs and State Rights

    • Tariff of Abominations was passed in 1828, benefiting Northern manufacturing but deeply resented in the South.
    • Secede means to formally withdraw from the Union, often referenced in the context of Southern states.
    • Force Bill empowered the federal government to collect tariffs by force if necessary.

    Native American Policies

    • Indian Removal Act of 1830 authorized the relocation of Native Americans east of the Mississippi River.
    • Trail of Tears describes the forced 800-mile march of the Cherokee to Indian Territory (1838-39), resulting in significant suffering.

    Economic Challenges

    • Panic of 1837 was an economic depression triggered by President Jackson's policies, leading to bank closures and high unemployment.

    Social Movements

    • Nativism embodies hostility toward immigrants, driven by fear of foreign influence.
    • Know-Nothings were an anti-immigrant political group active during the 1840s and 1850s, also known as the American Party.
    • Second Great Awakening was a 19th-century religious revival emphasizing personal responsibility and societal improvement.
    • Charles Grandison Finney was a prominent preacher in the revivalist movement, advocating for social reform.

    Religious and Utopian Movements

    • Joseph Smith founded the Mormon Church in 1830, significantly impacting American religion.
    • Utopia refers to the concept of an ideal society, often sought in various reform movements.
    • Romanticism focused on emotion, individualism, and nature, a reaction against industrialization in the late 1700s.
    • Transcendentalism encouraged individuals to go beyond the limits of their minds to appreciate the beauty of existence.

    Reform and Education

    • Dorothea Dix campaigned for the care of the mentally ill and prison reform in the U.S.
    • Lyman Beecher was a Presbyterian minister influential in the temperance movement and the Second Great Awakening.
    • Benevolent Societies were community organizations formed to assist immigrants and promote social welfare.
    • Temperance advocates called for moderation or complete abstinence from alcohol.

    Criminal Justice and Education

    • Penitentiary facilities were based on the idea that inmates could reform through reflection.
    • Horace Mann was a pioneer in educational reform, serving as the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education.

    Women's Rights and Abolition

    • Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a leader in the women's suffrage movement, co-organizing the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848.
    • Seneca Falls Convention marked a significant moment for women's rights, presenting the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments.
    • American Colonization Society sought to end slavery by relocating free blacks to Africa, resulting in the creation of Liberia.
    • Abolition was a movement aimed at ending slavery in the United States.
    • William Lloyd Garrison was a notable abolitionist advocating for immediate emancipation and the separation from Southern states.
    • Emancipation signifies the liberation of all enslaved individuals.
    • American Anti-Slavery Society was founded in 1833 by Garrison, promoting the immediate abolition of slavery with widespread membership by 1838.

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    Test your knowledge on key terms from Chapter 6: The Spirit of Reform. This quiz covers important concepts such as suffrage, the spoils system, and the caucus system, providing you with definitions to enhance your understanding. Perfect for revision and study preparation.

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