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What was the initial public sentiment towards the purchase of Alaska by William H. Seward?
What was the initial public sentiment towards the purchase of Alaska by William H. Seward?
What motivated Grover Cleveland's opposition to the annexation of Hawaii?
What motivated Grover Cleveland's opposition to the annexation of Hawaii?
Which factor was NOT a motivation behind the New Imperialism movement?
Which factor was NOT a motivation behind the New Imperialism movement?
How did the Yellow Press influence American public opinion regarding the Spanish-American War?
How did the Yellow Press influence American public opinion regarding the Spanish-American War?
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What was a consequence of the Treaty of Paris following the Spanish-American War?
What was a consequence of the Treaty of Paris following the Spanish-American War?
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What was the primary purpose of the Open Door Policy?
What was the primary purpose of the Open Door Policy?
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Which amendment declared that the U.S. would not control Cuba after the Spanish-American War?
Which amendment declared that the U.S. would not control Cuba after the Spanish-American War?
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What strategy did Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy emphasize?
What strategy did Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy emphasize?
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What was the primary objective of Truman's Containment Policy?
What was the primary objective of Truman's Containment Policy?
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Which event marked the high point of U.S. military engagement during the Korean War?
Which event marked the high point of U.S. military engagement during the Korean War?
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What was the result of the U-2 Incident?
What was the result of the U-2 Incident?
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What significant action did Eisenhower take concerning nuclear testing in 1958?
What significant action did Eisenhower take concerning nuclear testing in 1958?
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What was the purpose of the Non-Proliferation Treaty signed in 1968?
What was the purpose of the Non-Proliferation Treaty signed in 1968?
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Which legislation restricted the activities of Communist organizations in the U.S.?
Which legislation restricted the activities of Communist organizations in the U.S.?
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What was a consequence of the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
What was a consequence of the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
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What was the primary focus of Johnson's presidency following JFK's assassination?
What was the primary focus of Johnson's presidency following JFK's assassination?
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What was the aim of the Hotline Establishment after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
What was the aim of the Hotline Establishment after the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Which of the following best describes McCarthyism?
Which of the following best describes McCarthyism?
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What was the primary aim of the Gentlemen's Agreement?
What was the primary aim of the Gentlemen's Agreement?
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What was a key aspect of Roosevelt's foreign policy?
What was a key aspect of Roosevelt's foreign policy?
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Which movement aimed to prohibit alcohol due to societal concerns?
Which movement aimed to prohibit alcohol due to societal concerns?
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What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?
What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?
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Which act prohibited the sale of goods made by children under 14?
Which act prohibited the sale of goods made by children under 14?
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What was the purpose of the Newlands Reclamation Act?
What was the purpose of the Newlands Reclamation Act?
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What did the term 'muckrakers' refer to during the Progressive Era?
What did the term 'muckrakers' refer to during the Progressive Era?
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Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
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Which economic strategy was employed to stabilize economies without military actions?
Which economic strategy was employed to stabilize economies without military actions?
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What was the focus of Wilson's 'New Freedom' program?
What was the focus of Wilson's 'New Freedom' program?
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Which case limited women's working hours in America?
Which case limited women's working hours in America?
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What was the aim of the Federal Trade Commission?
What was the aim of the Federal Trade Commission?
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What was a direct result of the Lusitania sinking?
What was a direct result of the Lusitania sinking?
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Which of the following was a significant Progressive reform aimed at reducing corruption in Senate elections?
Which of the following was a significant Progressive reform aimed at reducing corruption in Senate elections?
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What was the primary goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)?
What was the primary goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)?
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What legislation guaranteed union rights and collective bargaining?
What legislation guaranteed union rights and collective bargaining?
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What was the effect of the 21st Amendment?
What was the effect of the 21st Amendment?
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Which New Deal agency was responsible for creating jobs through construction projects?
Which New Deal agency was responsible for creating jobs through construction projects?
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Which act increased taxes on the wealthy to fund the New Deal?
Which act increased taxes on the wealthy to fund the New Deal?
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What prompted the U.S. to enter World War I?
What prompted the U.S. to enter World War I?
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What was the main purpose of the Cash and Carry Policy enacted in 1939?
What was the main purpose of the Cash and Carry Policy enacted in 1939?
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Which document proposed the establishment of the League of Nations?
Which document proposed the establishment of the League of Nations?
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What was the focus of Roosevelt's Quarantine Speech in 1937?
What was the focus of Roosevelt's Quarantine Speech in 1937?
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What event directly challenged U.S. sovereignty according to the political climate at the time?
What event directly challenged U.S. sovereignty according to the political climate at the time?
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Which event marked a significant shift towards American involvement in WWII?
Which event marked a significant shift towards American involvement in WWII?
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Which project was a secret initiative aimed at developing atomic weapons?
Which project was a secret initiative aimed at developing atomic weapons?
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What was one result of the Red Scare of 1919?
What was one result of the Red Scare of 1919?
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Which act criminalized negative speech about the government during World War I?
Which act criminalized negative speech about the government during World War I?
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What did the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 establish?
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 establish?
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Which of the following was a key focus of the Works Progress Administration?
Which of the following was a key focus of the Works Progress Administration?
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What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany?
What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany?
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Which economic policy characterized the U.S. government approach during the 1920s?
Which economic policy characterized the U.S. government approach during the 1920s?
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What challenge did the Dust Bowl cause during the Great Depression?
What challenge did the Dust Bowl cause during the Great Depression?
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What was the primary function of the Office of Price Administration during WWII?
What was the primary function of the Office of Price Administration during WWII?
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What significant impact did the assembly line have on the 1920s economy?
What significant impact did the assembly line have on the 1920s economy?
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How did the Espionage Act of 1917 affect freedom of speech?
How did the Espionage Act of 1917 affect freedom of speech?
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What legal case served as a symbol of the conflict between science and religion?
What legal case served as a symbol of the conflict between science and religion?
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Which legislation was responsible for enforcing Prohibition laws?
Which legislation was responsible for enforcing Prohibition laws?
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What was one key factor in the decline of labor unions in the 1920s?
What was one key factor in the decline of labor unions in the 1920s?
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Which event highlighted the clash between modernism and fundamentalism in American society?
Which event highlighted the clash between modernism and fundamentalism in American society?
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Which of the following represented attitudes against immigration post-World War I?
Which of the following represented attitudes against immigration post-World War I?
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What was the main objective of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?
What was the main objective of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)?
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What role did propaganda play in U.S. involvement in World War I?
What role did propaganda play in U.S. involvement in World War I?
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Which President was in office during the beginning of the Great Depression?
Which President was in office during the beginning of the Great Depression?
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Which amendment granted women the right to vote after World War I?
Which amendment granted women the right to vote after World War I?
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What effect did the 21st Amendment have?
What effect did the 21st Amendment have?
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What was a significant impact of the Wall Street Crash in October 1929?
What was a significant impact of the Wall Street Crash in October 1929?
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What movement celebrated African American arts during the 1920s?
What movement celebrated African American arts during the 1920s?
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Which agricultural initiative aimed to stabilize farming during the Great Depression?
Which agricultural initiative aimed to stabilize farming during the Great Depression?
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What term describes the economic practice of borrowing to invest in stocks, increasing risk?
What term describes the economic practice of borrowing to invest in stocks, increasing risk?
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Which act significantly raised tariffs, affecting international trade?
Which act significantly raised tariffs, affecting international trade?
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Which of the following best describes Trickle Down Economics?
Which of the following best describes Trickle Down Economics?
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What significant change did Franklin D. Roosevelt promise concerning Prohibition?
What significant change did Franklin D. Roosevelt promise concerning Prohibition?
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What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
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What was the primary aim of the Double V Campaign during World War II?
What was the primary aim of the Double V Campaign during World War II?
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What was the ruling in Korematsu v. United States regarding Japanese internment?
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. United States regarding Japanese internment?
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What significant event occurred on May 7, 1945?
What significant event occurred on May 7, 1945?
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Which strategy did the Allies employ in the Pacific Theater to avoid strong Japanese defenses?
Which strategy did the Allies employ in the Pacific Theater to avoid strong Japanese defenses?
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What was a consequence of the Holocaust during World War II?
What was a consequence of the Holocaust during World War II?
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Which conference directly discussed post-war plans for Germany and elections?
Which conference directly discussed post-war plans for Germany and elections?
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What did the United Nations primarily seek to promote after its establishment?
What did the United Nations primarily seek to promote after its establishment?
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What was a significant feature of the Truman Doctrine?
What was a significant feature of the Truman Doctrine?
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What strategy did the U.S. employ to confront the Berlin Blockade?
What strategy did the U.S. employ to confront the Berlin Blockade?
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Which event marked the formal surrender of Japan in World War II?
Which event marked the formal surrender of Japan in World War II?
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What prompted the U.S. to develop the Manhattan Project?
What prompted the U.S. to develop the Manhattan Project?
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What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?
What was the main purpose of the Marshall Plan?
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What was a key outcome of the Potsdam Conference?
What was a key outcome of the Potsdam Conference?
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What was one of the reasons for the division of Germany after World War II?
What was one of the reasons for the division of Germany after World War II?
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Which event is commonly referred to as the beginning of the Cold War?
Which event is commonly referred to as the beginning of the Cold War?
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Study Notes
American Expansion and Imperialism
- The U.S. purchase of Alaska in 1867, for $7.2 million, from Russia.
- The initial mocking nickname for the purchase, "Seward's Folly."
- The 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy by American settlers.
- Grover Cleveland's opposition to annexation due to his anti-imperialist stance.
- The rise of "New Imperialism" driven by economic, political, and social factors.
- Economic interests as a motive for expansion seeking new markets and resources.
- The influence of Alfred Thayer Mahan and his advocacy for a strong U.S. Navy.
- Social anxieties of economic instability and fears of unrest.
- The use of Darwinism and religion to justify the belief in Anglo-Saxon superiority.
- Sensationalist journalism, the "Yellow Press," promoting imperialist sentiment.
- Opposition to imperialism based on self-determination and democracy.
- Concerns about the financial burden of imperialism.
- The Cuban revolt against Spanish rule starting in 1895.
- Valeriano Weyler's brutal tactics in Cuba.
- The "De Lôme letter," an insulting letter that further inflamed anti-Spanish sentiment in the U.S.
- The sinking of the USS Maine, blamed on Spain, creating public outrage.
- McKinley's war message claiming humanitarian and economic reasons for the 1898 war.
- The Teller Amendment, declaring U.S. intentions not to control Cuba post-war.
- The Treaty of Paris, concluding the Spanish-American War, and U.S. gains of territories.
- Recognition of Cuban independence following the Spanish-American War.
- The Philippine-American War, a conflict due to U.S. control of the Philippines.
- Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership against U.S. rule.
- The Platt Amendment making Cuba a U.S. protectorate in 1901.
- The establishment of a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
- McKinley's re-election in 1900 with Roosevelt as his running mate.
- The Open Door Policy securing equal trading rights in China.
- Roosevelt's "Big Stick Policy," emphasizing military strength.
- The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914.
- The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Granting U.S. control over the Canal Zone.
- The Roosevelt Corollary extending the Monroe Doctrine, justifying U.S. interventions.
American Progressivism
- A response to industrialization and societal shifts.
- Diverse groups advocating for government-driven reforms.
- Pragmatism as a philosophy emphasizing practical results.
- Investigative journalists, "Muckrakers," exposing societal issues.
- Decline of Muckrakers due to pressures from advertisers.
- A shift towards secrecy in voting through the Secret Ballot.
- Direct Primaries allowing party members to directly vote for candidates.
- The 17th Amendment enabling voters to directly elect U.S. Senators.
- The Temperance Movement aimed at prohibiting alcohol.
- Prohibition, the legal ban on alcohol, via the 18th amendment.
- The role of progressives in addressing social injustices.
- The involvement of feminists, union leaders, and African Americans in the progressive movement.
- Theodore Roosevelt and his progressive domestic policies.
- Roosevelt's Square Deal focusing on fairness.
- The mediation of the 1902 Coal Strike.
- "Trust-busting," dismantling monopolies through antitrust suits.
- Legal challenges against big corporations like Standard Oil, leading to their breakup.
- The Elkins Act (1903) and Hepburn Act (1906) regulating railroads.
- The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906), banning mislabeled food and drugs.
- Upton Sinclair's "Jungle" exposing meatpacking industry issues.
- The creation of the FDA.
- The Newlands Reclamation Act providing funding for irrigation projects.
- Establishing National Parks.
- The federal regulation of industries for public safety.
- Labor dispute resolution and mediating labor conflicts.
- Protecting consumers from unfair business practices.
- Continued progressive policies under Taft's presidency.
- The Mann-Elkins Act extending ICC authority.
- The 16th Amendment allowing federal income tax.
- Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom program and his focus on dismantling economic privileges.
- The Underwood Tariff significantly reducing tariffs.
- The Federal Reserve Act establishing central banking.
- The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) protecting consumers.
- The Clayton Antitrust Act strengthening the Sherman Act.
- The Federal Farm Loan Act which provided loans to farmers.
- Child Labor Act prohibiting the sale of goods made by children under 14.
- The role of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois in African American advocacy.
World War I and the Aftermath
- Wilson's declaration of U.S. neutrality at the outbreak of WWI.
- The importance of freedom of the seas and Britain's naval blockade.
- Unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany that threatened neutral shipping rights.
- The sinking of the Lusitania.
- Increasing economic ties with Allied nations.
- Public sentiment and propaganda influencing U.S. views on Germany.
- Arguments for military preparedness versus isolationism.
- Factors leading to U.S. entry into WWI including German aggression.
- The Zimmermann Telegram, a proposal of an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the U.S.
- Renewed submarine attacks on American ships.
- Wilson's request for a war declaration on April 2, 1917.
- U.S. entry into WWI on April 6, 1917.
- Wilson's "peace without victory" idea and the Fourteen Points for post-war peace.
- Proposed establishment of the League of Nations.
- The Treaty of Versailles and its penalties on Germany.
- Opposition to the Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Senate.
- Increased partisanship and political divisions within the Senate.
- The "irreconcilables" and "reservationists" opposing the treaty.
- Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles by the Senate.
- Mobilization efforts for wartime production.
- Government agencies like the Food Administration, Railroad Administration, and National War Labor Board.
- Propagandistic efforts to maintain national unity.
- Impact of WWI on women's roles and the African American population.
- Emergence of the Red Scare after WWI.
1920s Prosperity and the Great Depression
- The 1920s economic boom with increased manufacturing output
- The impact of the assembly line on productivity
- The transition to using oil and electricity as fuels
- Increased electrical generation during the 1920s.
- Laissez-faire government policies favoring business growth.
- Relaxation of antitrust laws leading to increased speculation.
- Increased consumerism fueled by affordable automobiles and appliances.
- Buying on credit, which later contributed to instability.
- Challenges faced by farmers due to low prices and overproduction.
- Decline in labor union membership.
- Corporate welfare capitalism and mass media.
- The rise of modernism vs. fundamentalism, highlighted by the Scopes Trial.
- Prohibition and its consequences, including speakeasies and bootlegging.
- The impact of the 19th Amendment.
- Cultural shifts during the 1920s.
- The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and its impact on racial tensions.
- The Harlem Renaissance and its cultural impact.
- Republican dominance in the 1920s.
- The rise of political scandals like the Teapot Dome Scandal under Harding's presidency.
- The Great Depression starting in 1929.
- The impact of the stock market crash.
- Factors leading to the depression including uneven income distribution, stock market speculation, buying on margin and excessive credit use.
- The impact on the economy, public, and social relations.
- High unemployment.
- Formation of Hoovervilles, Shantytowns for the poor.
- Hoover's initial response.
- Shift toward government intervention.
- Later attempts at federal aid through agencies like the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
- Efforts to address agricultural and industrial issues.
The New Deal Era
- Roosevelt's Election and promise for unemployment aid and the repeal of Prohibition.
- Focus on Relief, Recovery, and Reform as the New Deal's core principles.
- Establishing of the Brain Trust, advisors informing New Deal policies.
- Roosevelt's various programs like the FERA, PWA, CCC, and TVA, creating public works projects.
- Addressing bank failures with the Emergency Banking Act.
- Establishing the FDIC.
- Initiatives to aid farmers through the Farm Credit Administration and helping with farm foreclosures.
- New Deal's impact on worker standards through the NRA.
- Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA).
- Civil Works Administration (CWA).
- The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
- The Beer-Wine Revenue Act recognizing the failure of Prohibition.
- The Works Progress Administration (WPA) providing jobs and public works.
- The Resettlement Administration addressing farmers' issues.
- The New Deal's success in establishing social security, and other labour protections and economic reforms.
- The Social Security Act providing social insurance for retired and unemployed.
- Some initial opposition to these programs.
- Growing support for Roosevelt and the New Deal.
- Debate and political battles over the extent of New Deal's role.
- The Supreme Court's challenges to New Deal programs.
- The Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) establishing minimum wage and overtime standards
- New Deal's failures, and criticism over unequal opportunity for certain groups.
World War II
- U.S. initial responses to the rise of fascism in Europe and Japanese militarism.
- American isolationism, neutrality acts, and the debate surrounding involvement in the conflict.
- The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, leading to the U.S. declaration of war.
- Rapid mobilization for war production, featuring agencies such as the War Production Board and Office of War Mobilization.
- Increased industrial capacity and production.
- Wartime propaganda and rationing.
- Demographic shifts with major migrations for wartime labor.
- The impact on African Americans, such as the Double V Campaign and internal conflicts regarding racial discrimination.
- The internment of Japanese Americans.
- The development of the atomic bomb and its use over Japan.
- The impact on international relations including the creation of the United Nations.
Post-WWII U.S. and the Cold War
- Post-war challenges including economic devastation in Europe.
- U.S. global influence and the rising Cold War tensions.
- The Marshall Plan, an initiative for rebuilding European economies.
- The formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
- The emergence of the Cold War rivalry between the U.S. and USSR.
- The development of Containment Policies and the Truman Doctrine.
- Arms Races, development of powerful weapons like the hydrogen bomb, and the NSC-68 report.
- Impacts of the Korean War, including stalemate and the dismissal of MacArthur.
- U.S. Involvement in Vietnam, and the growing Cold War conflict.
- The effects of the Cold War on domestic policy.
- The impact of the Cold War and the Space Race on various aspects of U.S. society.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key events and concepts related to American expansion and imperialism from the 19th century. This quiz covers the purchase of Alaska, the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, and the social and economic motivations behind imperialist actions. Explore the tensions between imperialism and self-determination in American history.
