American Economic Vocabulary Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What were the effects of the War of 1812?

Increase in nationalism, downfall of the Federalist Party, and an increase in American manufacturing and industries.

List the causes for the Industrial Revolution.

Americans realized they were too dependent on imported foreign goods and needed to push manufacturing. Population growth helped provide the labor, while technology changed the way products were made.

What geographic features of New England were necessary for early factories?

The fast-flowing rivers of the North were essential in providing the power for factories.

How were women's lives affected by the Industrial Revolution and the rise of factories?

Many women moved to urban areas in order to work in factories and earn their own wages, as well as become independent. Signup and view all the answers

What were some direct effects of improved transportation and communication?

Products could be transported much faster, cheaper, and easier. More people were willing to move out west since it was easier, and they could stay in touch with family back home with the use of the telegraph. Signup and view all the answers

How did increases in population affect the Industrial Revolution?

The population growth helped provide the labor force for factory work. Also, Irish immigrants were used as a cheap labor force in the Northern factories. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the government in a Free Enterprise system?

Government has a small and limited role in a Free Enterprise system. People are free to produce, sell, and buy as they see fit. Signup and view all the answers

How did the inventions of the Industrial Revolution encourage westward expansion?

People could now easily and cheaply head west with new transportation methods. Inventions such as the steel plow, mechanical reaper, and thresher, now meant that farmers in the West could be efficient in the production of wheat. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Erie Canal and others in the North East help the U.S. grow?

With all of the traffic along canals and other river routes, towns and cities began to develop. Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the contributions of immigration during the 1800's?

The Irish provided a cheap labor force in the northern factories and the building of canals. Some Germans opened up their own shops and businesses in the North, while others migrated to the West and owned their own farms and ranches. The Chinese were an important labor force in the building railroads in the West. They also opened up restaurants and laundry services for miners during the Gold Rush. Signup and view all the answers

Name three early U.S. court cases where the power of the federal government was defined as superior over states?

Marbury vs. Madison (A), McCulloch vs. Maryland (B), Gibbons vs. Ogden (D) Signup and view all the answers

How did the economies of the North, South, and West increase growing tensions of sectionalism?

North = Supported the use of tariffs, wanted an industrial economy, used banks, relied on paid laborers and immigrants, relied on railroads and canals. South = Supported an agricultural economy, opposed the use of tariffs, disliked banks, depended on slave labor, had few railroads and even fewer canals. West = Primarily agricultural but used very little slave labor, supported tariffs in order to build more railroads that would connect the West and North and keep trade going. Signup and view all the answers

Write out the equation for the plantation system.

High demand for cotton coming from Europe and the North + Cotton gin greatly increases the speed of cotton production + Southern farmers increase the size of their fields to meet demands, but need workers = The use of slave labor in the South greatly increases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vocabulary

Protective Tariffs: Taxes on foreign imports, used to raise government funds and shield American businesses from foreign competition by increasing the price of foreign goods.
Factory System: Used water-powered machinery to produce textiles (cloth items), employing many unskilled workers.
Free Enterprise System: An economic system where individuals have freedom in buying, selling, and competing in the marketplace, with minimal government interference.
Textiles: Cloth items.
Urbanization: The growth and expansion of cities.
Mass Production: Making large quantities of goods.
Efficient: Maximum productivity using minimum effort.
Push Factors: Factors that drive people away from a location (e.g., war, famine, or religious persecution).
Pull Factors: Factors that attract people to a place (e.g., job opportunities, freedom).
Sectionalism: Devotion to a particular region rather than to the nation as a whole.

Industrial Revolution Inventions Impact

Interchangeable Parts: Machine-made parts that are identical and easily replaceable, increasing the speed and affordability of product assembly and repair.
Steamboats and Canals: Faster upstream travel, cheaper transport costs, connecting regions, facilitating increased trade and growth of towns and cities along waterways.
Telegraph: Instantaneous long-distance communication.
Cotton Gin: Significantly increased cotton production, leading to a rise in the use of enslaved labor in the South.
Mechanical Reaper and Thresher: Increased the speed and efficiency of harvesting and wheat processing throughout the west.
Steel Plow: Easily cut through the hard soil of the Midwest, enabling easier farming.
Railroads and Trains: Rapid and affordable transportation, connecting cities across the North, promoting trade and growth.

War of 1812 Effects

Increased American nationalism,
Weakened the Federalist Party, and
Spurred increased American manufacturing and industry.

Industrial Revolution Causes

Americans relied too heavily on imported goods; needed to push manufacturing.
Population growth provided a labor force.
Technological advancements changed manufacturing processes.

New England Geographic Factors for Factories

Fast-flowing rivers, providing power for machines in early factories.

Women's Role in Industrial Revolution

Women moved to urban areas, seeking work in factories, earning their own wages for independence.

Impacts of Improved Transportation and Communication

Faster, cheaper, and easier transport of goods.
Increased migration west due to improved connections and communication with the east.
Improved communication and connection with family.

Population Shift Impact on Industrial Revolution

Increased population provided a large labor force for factories, including Irish immigrants who were cheap labor.

Role of Government in Free Enterprise System

Minimal government interference; people have the freedom to produce, sell, and buy as they wish.

Westward Expansion Motivators

Reduced transportation costs and increased mobility made westward expansion accessible and cheaper. Inventions such as the steel plow, mechanical reaper, and thresher benefited westward expansion because they made it more efficient to farm in the West.

Equation for the Plantation System

High demand for cotton (from Europe and the North)
Cotton Gin's efficiency increased cotton production greatly.
Southern farmers expanded production to meet demand, needing more workers.
Slave labor increased in the South as a result.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key economic terms that shaped American industry and society. This quiz covers definitions and concepts such as protective tariffs, free enterprise, urbanization, and more. Perfect for students of American history and economics.