Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following accurately describes the Plain View Doctrine?
Which of the following accurately describes the Plain View Doctrine?
What requirement must a warrant meet according to search and seizure protocols?
What requirement must a warrant meet according to search and seizure protocols?
Which of the following agencies was the first state police agency in the United States?
Which of the following agencies was the first state police agency in the United States?
What does the Fourth Amendment primarily protect against?
What does the Fourth Amendment primarily protect against?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about constructed possession is accurate?
Which of the following statements about constructed possession is accurate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which constitutional amendment protects the right to bear arms?
Which constitutional amendment protects the right to bear arms?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes actions taken by citizens to enforce the law without formal authority?
What term describes actions taken by citizens to enforce the law without formal authority?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the self-incrimination clause protect an individual from?
What does the self-incrimination clause protect an individual from?
Signup and view all the answers
Which amendment ensures the right to a speedy and public trial?
Which amendment ensures the right to a speedy and public trial?
Signup and view all the answers
Which branch of government is responsible for executing federal laws?
Which branch of government is responsible for executing federal laws?
Signup and view all the answers
What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto?
What is required for Congress to override a presidential veto?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the due process clause prevent?
What does the due process clause prevent?
Signup and view all the answers
Who appoints Supreme Court justices, and who confirms them?
Who appoints Supreme Court justices, and who confirms them?
Signup and view all the answers
Which amendment is focused on the prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments?
Which amendment is focused on the prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the Fourteenth Amendment affect state governments?
How does the Fourteenth Amendment affect state governments?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
American Criminal Justice System
- Originated with English roots, specifically London's Metropolitan Police Force (The Met), founded by Sir Robert Peel.
- Early American policing often involved vigilante justice and religious enforcement (e.g., expulsion from church for lawbreaking).
- First American police department: New York City Police Department.
- First state police agency: Pennsylvania State Police.
Search and Seizure
- Plain View Doctrine: Legally obtained location allows seizure of visible evidence without a warrant.
- Warrants: Necessary for searches (unless with consent). Warrants must specify items and locations. Cannot be general.
- Vehicle Searches: Permissible with consent or if arresting occupant and if in immediate control.
- Area of Immediate Control: Allows search of the area around an arrested person without a warrant.
- Constructive Possession: Evidence linked to someone can be seized even if not on their person.
Constitutional Amendments
- First Amendment: Freedom of Speech.
- Second Amendment: Right to Bear Arms.
- Fourth Amendment: Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures by government.
- Fifth Amendment:
- Grand Jury indictments for serious crimes.
- Protection against double jeopardy.
- Protection against self-incrimination.
- Due process of law.
- Eminent domain clause (taking private property for public use with compensation).
- Sixth Amendment: Right to speedy, public trial, impartial jury, legal counsel, confrontation with witnesses.
- Eighth Amendment: Protection against excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishments.
- Fourteenth Amendment: Applies federal constitutional amendments to the states via the due process clause.
Branches of Government
- Executive Branch (President):
- Commander-in-Chief of armed forces.
- Veto power over legislation (Congress can override with 2/3 vote).
- Appoints officials, including Supreme Court justices (Senate confirmation).
- Legislative Branch (Congress):
- Bicameral (House of Representatives and Senate).
- House introduces tax legislation; Senate confirms presidential appointments.
- Congress makes federal laws.
- Judicial Branch (Supreme Court):
- Appointed by President, confirmed by Senate.
- Lifetime appointments (“good behavior”).
- Interprets the Constitution.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the foundations of the American criminal justice system, including the origins of policing and key legal doctrines related to search and seizure. This quiz covers important historical milestones and contemporary legal principles that shape law enforcement practices today.
