Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these phrases do they use?
Which of these phrases do they use?
Not bad, How are you doing?, How about you, How ya doin', Where ya goin'*, (I) better
How many interchanges does Mike make and what is a real pain for him?
How many interchanges does Mike make and what is a real pain for him?
6 interchanges, it is a real pain for him to get off work early
This is a formal conversation.
This is a formal conversation.
False
What does Fred Marshall telephone Dean Schubert?
What does Fred Marshall telephone Dean Schubert?
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This dialogue is more formal or less formal than Dialogue A?
This dialogue is more formal or less formal than Dialogue A?
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How many people are there where the speakers are, what do they do when this dialogue begins, and what are their relationships?
How many people are there where the speakers are, what do they do when this dialogue begins, and what are their relationships?
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Jack and Susie are strangers.
Jack and Susie are strangers.
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How would you describe the level of formality?
How would you describe the level of formality?
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What gesture can you use for greeting someone in your country? Do you encounter any problems when trying to understand different gestures ?
What gesture can you use for greeting someone in your country? Do you encounter any problems when trying to understand different gestures ?
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Greetings, in different languages, have the same purpose.
Greetings, in different languages, have the same purpose.
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Which of these are common greetings used in English?
Which of these are common greetings used in English?
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What do people who have not seen each other for a long time, the first time they meet, often do?
What do people who have not seen each other for a long time, the first time they meet, often do?
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Preclosings are more common than closings.
Preclosings are more common than closings.
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Preclosings often include thanking a person for something?
Preclosings often include thanking a person for something?
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Which of these are commonly used preclosings?
Which of these are commonly used preclosings?
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Closings are less formal than preclosings.
Closings are less formal than preclosings.
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Which phrases are used in the text to end the discussion?
Which phrases are used in the text to end the discussion?
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What is the main purpose of introductions in any language?
What is the main purpose of introductions in any language?
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The greeting is always returned.
The greeting is always returned.
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A formal introduction consists of two parts: giving the people's names and, if not introduced by the context, some information about the people.
A formal introduction consists of two parts: giving the people's names and, if not introduced by the context, some information about the people.
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When the person is introduced to a friend, Americans often use 'Pleased to meet you.'
When the person is introduced to a friend, Americans often use 'Pleased to meet you.'
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What does the use of 'but' indicate in the introduction?
What does the use of 'but' indicate in the introduction?
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It is not usual to shake hands when they are introduced to other people.
It is not usual to shake hands when they are introduced to other people.
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A firm handshake is a sign of directness and honesty.
A firm handshake is a sign of directness and honesty.
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People must sometimes introduce themselves.
People must sometimes introduce themselves.
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The full name is used in all situations.
The full name is used in all situations.
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A nickname should only be used when someone is sure the person wants to use this form, and it should be reserved for people who are very personal and can be insulted if not used properly.
A nickname should only be used when someone is sure the person wants to use this form, and it should be reserved for people who are very personal and can be insulted if not used properly.
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Do you use handshakes or other gestures in introductions? What kind of titles do you use? How do teachers address students? How name do you use to get a person's attention. What other way of getting attention can you think of?
Do you use handshakes or other gestures in introductions? What kind of titles do you use? How do teachers address students? How name do you use to get a person's attention. What other way of getting attention can you think of?
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What is the main focus of this chapter?
What is the main focus of this chapter?
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An invitation consists of requesting someone's presence, stating the specific event, and setting the time and place.
An invitation consists of requesting someone's presence, stating the specific event, and setting the time and place.
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Formal written invitations are traditionally sent and should be answered in writing and returned promptly.
Formal written invitations are traditionally sent and should be answered in writing and returned promptly.
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Which of the phrases below is the most common way to make a telephone invitation?
Which of the phrases below is the most common way to make a telephone invitation?
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People usually do not begin a conversation with an invitation.
People usually do not begin a conversation with an invitation.
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It is preferable to ask the listener if such-and-such time and then says why, if the invitation is preferable, because it allows the listener to decide.
It is preferable to ask the listener if such-and-such time and then says why, if the invitation is preferable, because it allows the listener to decide.
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Invitations are usually made privately, in person or by phone. That is, only the people being invited hear the invitation.
Invitations are usually made privately, in person or by phone. That is, only the people being invited hear the invitation.
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Accepting invitations are very easy.
Accepting invitations are very easy.
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You thank the person for the invitation and then for the details of place and time. You should mention how formally you will dress.
You thank the person for the invitation and then for the details of place and time. You should mention how formally you will dress.
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In informal cases, a good idea to find out host or hostess whether you can help by bringing something, but if you are unsure, it's better not to ask.
In informal cases, a good idea to find out host or hostess whether you can help by bringing something, but if you are unsure, it's better not to ask.
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If the host or hostess has offered to tell you what to bring, even a small item can be a way of thanking the host or hostess for their hospitality.
If the host or hostess has offered to tell you what to bring, even a small item can be a way of thanking the host or hostess for their hospitality.
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If you have children and they have been invited out by an American family, you should not bring your children unless they have been specifically mentioned in the invitation.
If you have children and they have been invited out by an American family, you should not bring your children unless they have been specifically mentioned in the invitation.
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Most people expect a reason when an invitation is refused.
Most people expect a reason when an invitation is refused.
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A good way to respond to a refusal is to second apology; reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation, and perhaps a second apology.
A good way to respond to a refusal is to second apology; reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation, and perhaps a second apology.
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If someone asks you if you are free at a certain time, but doesn't say what information is for, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the information is for.
If someone asks you if you are free at a certain time, but doesn't say what information is for, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the information is for.
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There are also phrases that sound like invitations but in fact are not.
There are also phrases that sound like invitations but in fact are not.
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Non-invitations check that you'll tell him or her later.
Non-invitations check that you'll tell him or her later.
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People may say things like, "We'll have to get together sometime" or "You'll have to come over and visit us sometime."
People may say things like, "We'll have to get together sometime" or "You'll have to come over and visit us sometime."
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Sometimes, people may offer you a non-invitation if you are on the fence and they only want you to come if you want to.
Sometimes, people may offer you a non-invitation if you are on the fence and they only want you to come if you want to.
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The subject of dropping in on these occasions could always invite them for some part.
The subject of dropping in on these occasions could always invite them for some part.
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When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host.
When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host.
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In many instances, it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check.
In many instances, it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check.
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Study Notes
Openings and Closings
- Opening and closing conversations are crucial parts of everyday communication.
- American conversation strategies have similarities and differences compared to other cultures.
- Dialogues illustrate how greetings and closings are structured in American conversations.
Dialogues A, B, and C
- Dialogue A showcases a casual conversation between Mike and Grace.
- Dialogue B depicts a formal telephone conversation between Dean Schubert and Fred Marshall.
- Dialogue C shows an informal conversation between Jack and Susie, and involving Mike.
- Differences in formality and the context shape the interaction.
- Phrases like "How are you doing?" or "Where are you going?" are common openings.
- Speakers use expressions like "Bye" or "Sounds good" to close conversations.
- The number of exchanges varies depending on the formality and the relationship.
Unit 1 Discussion Questions
- Speakers use distinct conversational cues to indicate beginning and end of conversation.
- The degree of formality in the interactions influences how the conversation unfolds and its length in terms of exchanges.
- The types of exchanges or responses given demonstrate levels of formality in the discussions.
Unit 1 Greetings
- Greetings in all languages serve to show respect and create connections with other people.
- Greeting formulas are often not literal, but have communicative power.
- Formal greetings may use titles and last names, whereas informal ones might have nicknames or first names.
- The level of formality in greetings depends on the relationship between individuals and the culture.
- Common greetings in formal situations may include "good morning," "good afternoon," "good evening" or informal "how are you?".
Unit 1 Preclosings and Closings
- Preclosings signal the end of a conversation, while closings explicitly finish it.
- People with whom you are less familiar often require more robust preclosing cues to signal the end.
- The context, such as formal situations, influences preclosings and closings.
- Speakers use phrases like thanking for something.
- Closing phrases like "taking care" or "good bye" may vary across cultures.
Unit 1 Phrases
- This section features a list of English greetings and closings, from formal to informal.
- Greetings vary based on the time of day.
- Common phrases, like "good morning," are commonly used as formal greetings.
- Less formal phrases might include "how are you?".
- Different greetings are used for establishing or maintaining a connection.
Unit 1 Small Group Practice
- Practice dialogues involving different social situations and relationships.
- Dialogues need to be in line with the level of formality between characters.
- Examples of dialogue completion for various situations are given.
Unit 2 Introductions and Address Systems
- Proper introductions involve using names and titles.
- Formal introductions often use titles and last names.
- Informal introductions may use only first names.
- Handshakes are a common way to greet people for introductions.
- The level of formality influences the choice of names and greetings(formal or informal).
Unit 2 Phrases
- Features commonly used phrases during introductions.
Unit 2 Small Group Practice
- Practice dialogues for various situations focusing on introductions.
- Social context and relationships drive how introductions are made.
Unit 3 Invitations
- Formal invitations with written text and formal details are common practice in making an invitation.
- Making an invitation to a person, either in person or over the phone.
- Accepting or rejecting an invitation requires polite expressions and reasons.
- Levels of formality can influence invitation formats.
Unit 3 Phrases
- Offers suggestions of greetings, preclosings and expressions, and responses for accepting or declining invitations.
Unit 3 Small Group Practice
- Practice in the context of arranging invitations for various situations.
Unit 4 Thanking
- Thanking customs vary across cultures.
- Thanking someone is generally a way of showing appreciation.
- Thanking for gifts, favors, or services requires specific phrases.
- Appropriate levels of formality influence how thank you expressions are given.
Unit 4 Phrases
- Includes thanks for favors, presents, gifts, or asking for additional help.
Unit 5 Apologizing
- Apologies vary in formality depending on the situation and relationships.
- Apologies should include an explanation as to why mistake was made.
- Appropriate apologies should include clear expressions of regret and acceptance of responsibility and avoid blaming others.
Unit 5 Phrases
- Provides phrases for apologizing in various situations and relationships, ranging from formal to informal.
Unit 5 Small Group Practice
- Encourages practical application of apologizing in different situations.
Unit 6 Expressing Anger
- Cultural norms affect how anger is expressed, and the expressions used.
- Various expressions demonstrate different levels of intensity when expressing anger.
- Understanding the context and relationship helps determine suitable ways of expressing anger.
Unit 6 Phrases
- Includes phrases for expressing and resolving conflict.
Unit 7 Giving Compliments
- Compliments are used to show approval or admiration.
- Compliments and responses should reflect the level of formality.
Unit 7 Phrases
- Offers phrases for giving and replying to compliments.
Unit 7 Small Group Practice
- Encourages practical application of giving and receiving compliments in different situations.
Unit 8 Getting Attention
- Interruptions and ways of getting attention vary across cultures.
- Formal and less formal expressions are useful tools for getting another's attention.
- Respecting personal space and someone's interaction.
Unit 8 Phrases
- Offers phrases for getting people's attention and interrupting, including both formal and informal options.
Unit 8 Small Group Practice
- Provides practice for getting attention and interrupting in different situations.
Unit 9 Agreeing and Disagreeing
- Discussing opinions and expressing agreement or disagreement.
- Use of phrases and suitable non-verbal cues for showing respect and attentiveness in arguments.
- Formality in agreement and disagreement interactions.
Unit 9 Phrases
- Includes expressions for agreements and disagreements.
Unit 9 Small Group Practice
- Provides realistic practice of disagreements and agreements.
Unit 10 Controlling Conversations
- Controlling a conversation requires appropriate strategies and expressions.
- Expressing understanding, surprise, or disagreements.
- Politely changing the subject of a conversation.
Unit 10 Phrases
- Phrases for showing attentiveness, understanding, showing surprise, and changing subjects in dialogues.
Unit 10 Small Group Practice
- Practice applications of controlling conversations in various settings.
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Description
Explore the essential elements of American conversational openings and closings through various dialogues. This quiz examines how formality and context influence interactions, highlighting common phrases used in everyday communication. Engage with the differences and similarities in conversational strategies across cultures.
