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Questions and Answers
What key idea did the Enlightenment promote regarding governance?
What key idea did the Enlightenment promote regarding governance?
What was the primary effect of Salutary Neglect on American colonies?
What was the primary effect of Salutary Neglect on American colonies?
What did Deism propose about God’s role in the universe?
What did Deism propose about God’s role in the universe?
How did the Great Awakening contrast with Enlightenment ideals?
How did the Great Awakening contrast with Enlightenment ideals?
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What drove the wealthy American elites to take advantage of Salutary Neglect?
What drove the wealthy American elites to take advantage of Salutary Neglect?
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What was the belief regarding salvation mentioned in the content?
What was the belief regarding salvation mentioned in the content?
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What was a consequence of the French and Indian War for England regarding the Ohio River Valley?
What was a consequence of the French and Indian War for England regarding the Ohio River Valley?
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What was the Proclamation of 1763 intended to accomplish?
What was the Proclamation of 1763 intended to accomplish?
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How did many Americans react to the Proclamation of 1763?
How did many Americans react to the Proclamation of 1763?
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Virtual Representation refers to the idea that:
Virtual Representation refers to the idea that:
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What role did the Committees of Correspondence play in colonial response to British actions?
What role did the Committees of Correspondence play in colonial response to British actions?
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Which social classes were primarily attracted to the religious movement mentioned in the content?
Which social classes were primarily attracted to the religious movement mentioned in the content?
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What was a significant impact of the passionate sermons delivered by preachers?
What was a significant impact of the passionate sermons delivered by preachers?
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What was the situation regarding African Americans following the war?
What was the situation regarding African Americans following the war?
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What was the impact of the war on Native Americans?
What was the impact of the war on Native Americans?
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How did the war affect the rights of Loyalists?
How did the war affect the rights of Loyalists?
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Which group saw an increase in freedoms due to the emphasis on a republic?
Which group saw an increase in freedoms due to the emphasis on a republic?
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What change did religious groups experience after the war?
What change did religious groups experience after the war?
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What was the primary impact of the Stamp Act on the colonists?
What was the primary impact of the Stamp Act on the colonists?
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How did the Townshend Acts affect colonial behavior?
How did the Townshend Acts affect colonial behavior?
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What measure was included in the Coercive Acts to control the colonies?
What measure was included in the Coercive Acts to control the colonies?
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What is emphasized as a key aspect of developing a successful strategy in a revolution?
What is emphasized as a key aspect of developing a successful strategy in a revolution?
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What did the Stamp Act contribute to in colonial society?
What did the Stamp Act contribute to in colonial society?
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What was a direct effect of the Townshend Acts?
What was a direct effect of the Townshend Acts?
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Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Coercive Acts?
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Coercive Acts?
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What does the phrase 'you are only as good as your worst player' imply in terms of revolution strategy?
What does the phrase 'you are only as good as your worst player' imply in terms of revolution strategy?
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What was the primary purpose of the Sons of Liberty?
What was the primary purpose of the Sons of Liberty?
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What was the outcome of the Boston Massacre?
What was the outcome of the Boston Massacre?
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Which event was a direct protest against the Tea Act?
Which event was a direct protest against the Tea Act?
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Why did Common Sense become widely successful?
Why did Common Sense become widely successful?
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Which document outlined the reasons for America's independence?
Which document outlined the reasons for America's independence?
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What was a significant result of the Battle of Saratoga?
What was a significant result of the Battle of Saratoga?
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What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown?
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What did the term 'Republican Motherhood' refer to?
What did the term 'Republican Motherhood' refer to?
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Which philosopher advocated for natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
Which philosopher advocated for natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
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What did John Peter Zenger's trial establish in terms of press freedom?
What did John Peter Zenger's trial establish in terms of press freedom?
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What led to the shift towards free trade in America?
What led to the shift towards free trade in America?
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What was the significance of religious freedom in post-Revolution America?
What was the significance of religious freedom in post-Revolution America?
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What was an effect of inflation during the war?
What was an effect of inflation during the war?
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What role did Marquis de Lafayette play in the American Revolution?
What role did Marquis de Lafayette play in the American Revolution?
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Study Notes
Salutary Neglect
- England neglected their colonies because they were focused on fighting wars in Europe, allowing colonies increased self-governance
- This wasn't an official law, but wealthy colonists took advantage of this to increase their own power
- England eventually implemented stronger control measures to prevent colonies from becoming completely independent
Enlightenment Philosophy & America
- Believed in reason and science as the foundation of life
- Used these principles to separate emotions from politics and analyze existing laws for improvement
- Believed in separating government and religion, favoring a scientific approach
Deism Theology
- Believed God created the universe and its laws then left it to function on its own, similar to a clockmaker
Great Awakening
- This movement opposed Enlightenment ideas, believing religious devotion was the solution to societal issues
- Emphasized emotional connection with God, encouraging followers to turn back to religion
- Attracted middle and lower classes who were often excluded from Enlightenment-focused wealth
The Ohio River Valley & The French and Indian War
- The Ohio River Valley was a contested area between French and English colonies, leading to conflict for control and trade with Native Americans
- The war lasted for 9 years and is also known as the Seven Years' War
- Britain gained control of the Ohio River Valley but incurred heavy financial burdens and was obligated to support their Native American allies
The Proclamation of 1763
- Britain promised to give Native Americans control of land west of the Appalachian Mountains, including the territory just fought for
- Colonists were angered by this, seeing the land as rightfully theirs after fighting for it
- Colonists ignored the proclamation and settled the land which led to continued tension with Native Americans over land ownership
Virtual Representation
- British belief that Parliament members represented all of England and its colonies, without specific representatives for each division of land
Committees of Correspondence
- Formed by colonies in response to oppressive British policies and taxation without representation
- United colonies, with varying levels of participation, to organize efforts towards independence from England
Sons of Liberty
- Organized groups of working-class protesters using marches, harassment of tax collectors, and violence to oppose British taxation
Boston Massacre
- Clash between Bostonians and British militia that resulted in injuries and deaths
- Exaggerated by the American side to portray Britain as the aggressor, even though both sides participated in the altercation
Tea Act & The Boston Tea Party
- Parliament replaced all taxes except the tea tax, leading to a higher cost for colonists who consumed large amounts of tea
- Colonists responded by dumping 300 chests of tea into Boston harbor as a defiant act against British rule
Common Sense
- Thomas Paine's pamphlet criticizing British government and advocating for independence
- Its impactful language made it easily accessible and influential, encouraging colonial support for independence
Declaration of Independence
- Written by Thomas Jefferson two days after the Continental Congress declared independence
- Justified separation from Britain, outlined principles of American freedom, and defined the meaning of freedom at the time
- Stated the "unalienable rights" of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, applying to all, although excluding slaves
- Documented reasons for separation from Britain
Battle of Saratoga
- Significant battle boosting American morale after setbacks and harsh winter conditions
- Secured French support for the American cause
Battle of Yorktown
- Pivotal battle, referred to as the "turning point" or "the world turned upside down"
- The French navy blockaded British ships, allowing Washington to ambush Yorktown
- The British surrendered after a long siege, pushing the American side toward victory
Republic
- Belief that regular citizens are best suited to lead and govern, instead of monarchs or the wealthy
- Republic success relies on collective action for the common good
Religious Freedom Following the Revolution
- Shift from a mandated national religion (Church of England) to states determining their own religious policies
- Eventually developed into separation of church and state
- Religious toleration increased, particularly for non-Protestant religions like Catholicism, partly due to alliances with France and Canada
Free Trade & Its Shift in Economic System
- Focused on individual independence and self-interest benefiting society
- Promoted fair wages, low prices, and employment, allowing for a less government-controlled economy
- Reduced reliance on government intervention in personal business
Inflation
- Post-war decrease in the value of money and supply of goods
- Gold and mineral resources became more valuable
Republican Motherhood
- Expectation for women to raise children, particularly sons, to be responsible and virtuous citizens
Important Names
- James Oglethorpe: Established Georgia as a haven for debtors, initially prohibiting slavery
- John Locke: Prominent Enlightenment figure influencing American government, emphasizing natural rights of life, liberty, and property
- John Peter Zenger: Championed freedom of the press through his trial for criticizing a corrupt governor
- Benjamin Franklin: Leading figure in the Enlightenment, promoting colonial unity and innovation
- Jonathan Edwards: Intense preacher during the Great Awakening
- Pontiac: Native American chief who led Pontiac's Rebellion after the French and Indian War to resist British land grabs
- Thomas Paine: Author of "Common Sense," advocating for American independence
- George Washington: Significant military and political figure during the Revolution
- Marquis de Lafayette: French soldier who aided the American cause and embraced republicanism
- Abigail Adams: Wife of John Adams, a patriot and women's rights activist, known for her letter "Remember the Ladies"
Important Acts & Legislation
- Stamp Act: First direct tax on colonists, requiring stamps for printed materials, generating funds for the British army
- Townshend Acts: Imposed tax on imported goods to America, strengthening anti-smuggling measures. Prompted colonists to make their own goods
- Coercive (Intolerable) Acts: Britain's response to the Boston Tea Party including closing the port of Boston, banning public meetings, and quartering troops in colonial homes
Winning a Revolution: Key Ideas
- Strategic Planning: Developing a sound strategy is crucial, including thorough preparation and adaptability
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Impact of American Revolution on various groups:
- African Americans: Increased opportunities for freedom and rights, at least potentially, but still face discrimination and limited rights
- Native Americans: Suffered loss of land and rights, viewed as enemies after the war
- Loyalists: Seen as traitors, many fleeing to England or Canada, and facing property loss
- Poor: Gained more political participation rights, including voting, though still restricted from holding office
- Religious Groups: Increased religious freedom and separation of church and state
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Description
Test your knowledge on the themes of Salutary Neglect, Enlightenment Philosophy, Deism Theology, and the Great Awakening in early American history. Understand how these movements shaped the political and religious landscape of the time.
