America Enters World War II

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Questions and Answers

What was Roosevelt's primary goal between August 1939 and December 1941?

  • To assist Britain in defeating Germany (correct)
  • To secure the Strait of Malacca from Japanese attack
  • To help China against Japan's invasion
  • To deter Japan from attacking the British Empire

What was the primary reason for Britain's relocation of warships from Southeast Asia to the Atlantic?

  • To provide support for the Chinese resistance against Japan
  • To assist in combatting German submarines in the Atlantic (correct)
  • To protect British territories in Southeast Asia from Japanese attack
  • To counter the threat posed by Japanese aircraft in the Strait of Malacca

What strategy did Roosevelt employ to deter Japan from attacking the British Empire?

  • Providing weapons support to China to tie down Japanese forces
  • Establishing a naval blockade of Japan
  • Imposing economic sanctions on Japan by cutting off vital resources (correct)
  • Deploying American warships to the Strait of Malacca

How did Japan's actions in southern Indochina pose a direct threat to the British Empire?

<p>It allowed Japan to launch aerial attacks on British colonies in Southeast Asia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

<p>The United States formally declared war on Japan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main point of contention between the United States and Japan that eventually led to the attack on Pearl Harbor?

<p>The Open Door Policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years before the Pearl Harbor attack did tension between the United States and Japan over the Open Door Policy start?

<p>40 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fight for Freedom Committee advocate for?

<p>Repealing all neutrality laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the differing opinions on American involvement in World War II?

<p>Different views on the role of the United States in international affairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the actions of the Fight for Freedom Committee highlight?

<p>The increasing support for interventionism in the United States (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between President Roosevelt's policies and the tension between the United States and Japan?

<p>Roosevelt's policies exacerbated the existing tension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did many Americans want to help European democracies but not sell them arms?

<p>They believed that providing arms would violate American neutrality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content provided, what was one way in which the United States assisted European democracies besides providing arms?

<p>Providing financial aid through loans and grants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the author demonstrate the complexity of American involvement in World War II?

<p>By highlighting the different opinions on foreign policy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the time of the initial attack by the first wave of Japanese aircraft?

<p>7:51 A.M. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location experienced an attack at 8:55 A.M.?

<p>Ford Island Naval Air Station (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred soon after American policies angered Japan?

<p>The attack on Pearl Harbor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site was specifically indicated as a radar location?

<p>Diamond Head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one goal of Japan's actions against the United States?

<p>Economic domination of Asia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which airfield was attacked in relation to the first wave of the attack?

<p>Ford Island (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Churchill suggest about FDR's intentions towards Germany?

<p>He intended to provoke an incident (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what time did the second wave of Japanese aircraft begin their attack?

<p>9:00 A.M. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which military base is located closest to Pearl City?

<p>Ewa Marine Corps Air Station (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason for Japan's grievances against the United States?

<p>Aiding China during the Sino-Japanese War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason Britain needed more destroyers?

<p>To attack German naval bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Inouye compare the Japanese planes to American planes?

<p>The planes flew in formations similar to the American planes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Roosevelt's initial challenge in providing destroyers to Britain?

<p>The Neutrality Act prohibited the sale of arms to belligerents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 'red ball on their wings' on the Japanese planes?

<p>It served as the emblem of the rising sun that symbolized the Japanese Empire. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase “American isolationism ended” most likely refer to?

<p>The US began to provide military aid to Britain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary benefit to Roosevelt for sending destroyers to Britain?

<p>Securing valuable bases in the Atlantic and Caribbean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the excerpt imply about Inouye's perspective on the start of World War II in the Pacific?

<p>He was surprised by the suddenness of the attack. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Lend-Lease Act?

<p>To help Britain fight against Germany without requiring cash payments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Roosevelt, what would have been the consequence of Britain falling to Germany?

<p>An alliance of Germany, Japan, and Italy would continue to strive for global domination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Roosevelt's vision for the United States' role in the conflict between Britain and Germany?

<p>To provide military and financial support to Britain to help them fight Germany. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the "Four Freedoms" that Roosevelt identified as the shared values of the United States and Great Britain?

<p>Freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of speech, and freedom of worship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Lend-Lease Act circumvent the Neutrality Act?

<p>By providing arms to Britain without requiring any cash payments at all, thus circumventing the Neutrality Act. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the term President Roosevelt used to describe a potential alliance between Germany, Japan, and Italy?

<p>Unholy Alliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did President Roosevelt argue was the United States' best strategy to avoid direct involvement in the war?

<p>To become a &quot;great arsenal of democracy&quot; by providing military support to Britain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason behind President Roosevelt's decision to expand the nation's role in the war after the election?

<p>He believed that the United States had a moral obligation to help Britain defend democracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did President Roosevelt believe would be the outcome if the United States did not help Britain?

<p>Germany would conquer Britain and then turn its attention to the United States. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Lend-Lease Act affect the United States' Neutrality Act?

<p>It effectively bypassed the restrictions of the Neutrality Act, allowing for arms shipments to Britain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pearl Harbor Attack Response

Americans showed heroism after Japan's Pearl Harbor attack, with numerous awards given.

Dorie Miller

First recognized African American hero of WWII, operated an antiaircraft gun during Pearl Harbor attack.

Lend-Lease Aid

U.S. program to support allies like Britain and China with military supplies during WWII.

Economic Pressure on Japan

Roosevelt implemented economic measures like freezing assets to deter Japanese aggression.

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Japan's Oil Dependency

Japan relied heavily on U.S. oil; 80% of its oil needs were met by America before WWII.

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Roosevelt's loophole

A way Roosevelt bypassed the Neutrality Act to send destroyers to Britain without a sale.

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Neutrality Act

Legislation meant to keep the U.S. out of foreign conflicts by restricting arms sales.

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American isolationism

The policy of avoiding political or military involvement in other countries' affairs.

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Pearl Harbor bombing

A surprise military attack by the Japanese on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1941.

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British destroyers

Warships sent from Britain to protect cargo ships from German submarines during WWII.

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Inouye's memory

Inouye vividly recalls the moment he learned about the Pearl Harbor attack.

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Japanese Empire's insignia

A red ball on airplane wings symbolizing Japanese aircraft during WWII.

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Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy aimed at ensuring equal trade opportunities in China.

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Japanese Attack Causes

Tensions between the U.S. and Japan rooted in historical policies.

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President Roosevelt's Policies

Actions taken to support Allied nations against Axis powers during WWII.

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U.S. Assistance to Allies

Support strategies employed by the U.S. to aid European democracies without direct military involvement.

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Fight for Freedom Committee

A group advocating for active U.S. involvement in World War II.

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Neutrality Debate

The discussion on whether the U.S. should engage in WWII or maintain neutrality.

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Greater American Involvement

The idea of the U.S. committing more resources and forces in WWII.

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Arms Sales to Allies

The selling of weapons to support allied nations during WWII.

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War in Europe

The conflict involving multiple nations, primarily between the Allies and Axis Powers.

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Hemispheric Defense Zone

Area where the US aimed to protect its shorelines during WWII.

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Four Freedoms

The freedoms that Roosevelt emphasized: speech, worship, want, and fear.

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President Roosevelt's Warning

Roosevelt warned that if Britain fell, a dangerous alliance would threaten the Americas.

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Great Arsenal of Democracy

Roosevelt's vision for the US as a primary supplier of military equipment for allies.

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Support for Britain

The US provided military and financial assistance to Britain through the Lend-Lease Act.

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Cash Requirement

The financial condition that Britain could not meet to purchase arms.

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Unholy Alliance

The coalition of Germany, Japan, and Italy threatening global peace.

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British Struggle

Britain's fight for survival and democracy against Axis powers.

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Ford Island

A key location in the attack on Pearl Harbor, home to the Naval Air Station.

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Attack time

The first wave of Japanese aircraft attacked at 7:51 A.M. and the second wave at 8:55 A.M.

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Battleship Row

The area where battleships were moored at Pearl Harbor, heavily damaged during the attack.

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Japanese aircraft waves

Two major waves of Japanese aircraft attacked Pearl Harbor, first and second waves.

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Ewa Marine Corps Air Station

A U.S. Marine Corps air station that was part of the defense during the attack.

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Hickam Field

A key military facility at Pearl Harbor, targeted during the attack.

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Radar site

A radar facility that could have detected the incoming attack but failed to warn effectively.

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Pearl Harbor attack

The surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service on December 7, 1941.

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Time of initial attack

7:51 A.M. was the time of the initial attack on Pearl Harbor.

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FDR's pledge

FDR's intention to find an incident that would justify war against Germany, as noted by Churchill.

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Study Notes

America Enters World War II

  • The Neutrality Act of 1939 was in place, but President Roosevelt supported British efforts
  • Roosevelt made a deal to trade destroyers for bases in British territories
  • Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, allowing the US to lend supplies to Britain
  • A "hemispheric defense zone" was established to protect shipping in the Atlantic
  • Angered by US policies aiding Britain, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, leading to US declaration of war
  • Japan's attack was in response to US economic pressure and aid to China and Britain
  • Economic pressure included restrictions on the sale of materials from the US to Japan
  • The attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, happened on December 7, 1941
  • The attack surprised most Americans
  • It led to significant US losses and direct US involvement in the war

Key Events Leading to US Entry

  • September 1940: FDR makes destroyers-for-bases deal with Britain
  • March 1941: Congress passes Lend-Lease Act
  • August 1941: Roosevelt and Churchill sign Atlantic Charter
  • October 1941: Germans sink the Reuben James
  • December 7, 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

Key Figures

  • Roosevelt (President of the US)
  • Churchill (Prime Minister of Britain)
  • MacArthur (US general stationed in the Philippines)

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