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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is most associated with a caste society in Grusky’s framework?
Which characteristic is most associated with a caste society in Grusky’s framework?
What is a primary goal of state socialism as described in Grusky’s ideal types?
What is a primary goal of state socialism as described in Grusky’s ideal types?
In a feudal system, which of the following best describes the basis of inequality?
In a feudal system, which of the following best describes the basis of inequality?
Which aspect does a class system emphasize most regarding mobility?
Which aspect does a class system emphasize most regarding mobility?
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Which of the following societies is characterized by low inequality due to communal sharing?
Which of the following societies is characterized by low inequality due to communal sharing?
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Which of the following statements about advanced industrialism is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about advanced industrialism is most accurate?
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What defines a horticultural and agrarian society's level of inequality?
What defines a horticultural and agrarian society's level of inequality?
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How is well-being defined according to capabilities theory?
How is well-being defined according to capabilities theory?
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Which system is characterized by rigid social stratification and a lack of social mobility?
Which system is characterized by rigid social stratification and a lack of social mobility?
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What is a key characteristic of State Socialism that distinguishes it from Feudalism?
What is a key characteristic of State Socialism that distinguishes it from Feudalism?
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What primarily influences social mobility in the context of Advanced Industrialism?
What primarily influences social mobility in the context of Advanced Industrialism?
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Which system supports a method of social organization based on land ownership and serfdom?
Which system supports a method of social organization based on land ownership and serfdom?
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In the context of social inequality, which factor is highlighted as a compounding disadvantage in Rothman's analysis?
In the context of social inequality, which factor is highlighted as a compounding disadvantage in Rothman's analysis?
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What type of social inequality is primarily analyzed in terms of job market disparities?
What type of social inequality is primarily analyzed in terms of job market disparities?
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Which concept relates to the uneven distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society?
Which concept relates to the uneven distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society?
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What is a defining aspect of Class Mobility in contemporary society?
What is a defining aspect of Class Mobility in contemporary society?
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Which factor most significantly contributes to social stratification in feudalistic systems?
Which factor most significantly contributes to social stratification in feudalistic systems?
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What is the primary characteristic of advanced industrialism as described?
What is the primary characteristic of advanced industrialism as described?
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In a state socialism framework, what political asset is primarily controlled?
In a state socialism framework, what political asset is primarily controlled?
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Which of the following statements best describes the implications of caste systems on social mobility?
Which of the following statements best describes the implications of caste systems on social mobility?
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How does Rothman's insight into inequality describe its generational perpetuation?
How does Rothman's insight into inequality describe its generational perpetuation?
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In which of the following systems is the concept of nepotism particularly prevalent?
In which of the following systems is the concept of nepotism particularly prevalent?
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What does the rigidity of social mobility indicate in advanced industrial societies?
What does the rigidity of social mobility indicate in advanced industrial societies?
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Which doctrine justifies the social stratification within slavery systems?
Which doctrine justifies the social stratification within slavery systems?
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In a class system, what primarily determines an individual's social stratification?
In a class system, what primarily determines an individual's social stratification?
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Which characteristic of industrial societies differentiates them from feudal societies?
Which characteristic of industrial societies differentiates them from feudal societies?
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Study Notes
Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach
- Well-being: Sen argues that well-being should not be solely measured by wealth, income, or resources. Instead, it's about the actual capabilities people have to live the kind of life they value.
- Functionings: These are things a person achieves or does in their life. Examples include being healthy, having an education, or being well-nourished.
- Capabilities: These are the freedoms or opportunities people have to achieve functionings. It's not just about what a person achieves, but what they are able to achieve.
- Example: Having the capability to be well-fed means not just that a person is well-fed, but that they have the option or freedom to choose to be well-fed.
Grusky's Ideal Types of Stratification Systems
- Hunting and Gathering Society: Low inequality, characterized by communal sharing.
- Horticultural and Agrarian Society: Higher inequality with political offices as key assets.
- Feudalism: High inequality based on land ownership and labor control.
- Slavery: Extreme inequality, with total ownership of individuals.
- Caste Society: High rigidity with social roles determined by cultural status.
- Class System: Economic assets play a crucial role, allowing for some mobility.
- State Socialism: Aims for reduced inequality through state control of resources.
- Advanced Industrialism: Focuses on education and expertise as key stratifying factors.
Rothman's Insights on Inequality
- Social Class: Defined by economic position, education, and occupation, influencing individuals' life chances.
- Measurement of Inequality: Utilizes indicators such as income distribution, access to education, and employment opportunities to assess social divisions.
- Intersections of Inequality: Highlights how race, gender, and class intersect to create compounded disadvantages for certain groups.
Key Concepts of Rothman on Inequality
- Inequality Definition: Rothman defines inequality as the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society, emphasizing its impact on social divisions.
- Social Class: Social class is a critical factor in understanding inequality, as it influences access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.
- Employment: Employment status and job types contribute to social divisions, with disparities in job security, wages, and working conditions reflecting broader patterns of inequality.
Warwick-Booth's Readings on Social Divisions
- Definition of Social Inequality: Social inequality is a complex phenomenon shaped by various factors including class, gender, race, and employment status.
- Social Class Dynamics: Class affects access to resources and opportunities, reinforcing systemic inequalities.
- Employment Inequality: Job market disparities are influenced by educational attainment and social networks, contributing to broader patterns of inequality.
Summary of Social Inequality (Warwick)
- Definition: Social inequality refers to unequal access to resources, services, and opportunities based on income, power, status, and social characteristics.
- Types: Includes economic, political, and social inequalities.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, which argues that well-being should be assessed by actual human capabilities rather than mere resources. Additionally, delve into Grusky's ideal types of stratification systems, analyzing inequality across various societal structures.
