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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is most associated with a caste society in Grusky’s framework?
Which characteristic is most associated with a caste society in Grusky’s framework?
- Communal ownership of resources
- High levels of social mobility
- Decentralized resource distribution
- Rigid social roles determined by cultural status (correct)
What is a primary goal of state socialism as described in Grusky’s ideal types?
What is a primary goal of state socialism as described in Grusky’s ideal types?
- To promote extreme inequality through land ownership
- To encourage individual property rights
- To reduce inequality through state control of resources (correct)
- To maintain total ownership of individuals
In a feudal system, which of the following best describes the basis of inequality?
In a feudal system, which of the following best describes the basis of inequality?
- Control of agricultural production
- Propagation of egalitarian values
- Land ownership and labor control (correct)
- Access to technological advancements
Which aspect does a class system emphasize most regarding mobility?
Which aspect does a class system emphasize most regarding mobility?
Which of the following societies is characterized by low inequality due to communal sharing?
Which of the following societies is characterized by low inequality due to communal sharing?
Which of the following statements about advanced industrialism is most accurate?
Which of the following statements about advanced industrialism is most accurate?
What defines a horticultural and agrarian society's level of inequality?
What defines a horticultural and agrarian society's level of inequality?
How is well-being defined according to capabilities theory?
How is well-being defined according to capabilities theory?
Which system is characterized by rigid social stratification and a lack of social mobility?
Which system is characterized by rigid social stratification and a lack of social mobility?
What is a key characteristic of State Socialism that distinguishes it from Feudalism?
What is a key characteristic of State Socialism that distinguishes it from Feudalism?
What primarily influences social mobility in the context of Advanced Industrialism?
What primarily influences social mobility in the context of Advanced Industrialism?
Which system supports a method of social organization based on land ownership and serfdom?
Which system supports a method of social organization based on land ownership and serfdom?
In the context of social inequality, which factor is highlighted as a compounding disadvantage in Rothman's analysis?
In the context of social inequality, which factor is highlighted as a compounding disadvantage in Rothman's analysis?
What type of social inequality is primarily analyzed in terms of job market disparities?
What type of social inequality is primarily analyzed in terms of job market disparities?
Which concept relates to the uneven distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society?
Which concept relates to the uneven distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges in society?
What is a defining aspect of Class Mobility in contemporary society?
What is a defining aspect of Class Mobility in contemporary society?
Which factor most significantly contributes to social stratification in feudalistic systems?
Which factor most significantly contributes to social stratification in feudalistic systems?
What is the primary characteristic of advanced industrialism as described?
What is the primary characteristic of advanced industrialism as described?
In a state socialism framework, what political asset is primarily controlled?
In a state socialism framework, what political asset is primarily controlled?
Which of the following statements best describes the implications of caste systems on social mobility?
Which of the following statements best describes the implications of caste systems on social mobility?
How does Rothman's insight into inequality describe its generational perpetuation?
How does Rothman's insight into inequality describe its generational perpetuation?
In which of the following systems is the concept of nepotism particularly prevalent?
In which of the following systems is the concept of nepotism particularly prevalent?
What does the rigidity of social mobility indicate in advanced industrial societies?
What does the rigidity of social mobility indicate in advanced industrial societies?
Which doctrine justifies the social stratification within slavery systems?
Which doctrine justifies the social stratification within slavery systems?
In a class system, what primarily determines an individual's social stratification?
In a class system, what primarily determines an individual's social stratification?
Which characteristic of industrial societies differentiates them from feudal societies?
Which characteristic of industrial societies differentiates them from feudal societies?
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Study Notes
Amartya Sen's Capabilities Approach
- Well-being: Sen argues that well-being should not be solely measured by wealth, income, or resources. Instead, it's about the actual capabilities people have to live the kind of life they value.
- Functionings: These are things a person achieves or does in their life. Examples include being healthy, having an education, or being well-nourished.
- Capabilities: These are the freedoms or opportunities people have to achieve functionings. It's not just about what a person achieves, but what they are able to achieve.
- Example: Having the capability to be well-fed means not just that a person is well-fed, but that they have the option or freedom to choose to be well-fed.
Grusky's Ideal Types of Stratification Systems
- Hunting and Gathering Society: Low inequality, characterized by communal sharing.
- Horticultural and Agrarian Society: Higher inequality with political offices as key assets.
- Feudalism: High inequality based on land ownership and labor control.
- Slavery: Extreme inequality, with total ownership of individuals.
- Caste Society: High rigidity with social roles determined by cultural status.
- Class System: Economic assets play a crucial role, allowing for some mobility.
- State Socialism: Aims for reduced inequality through state control of resources.
- Advanced Industrialism: Focuses on education and expertise as key stratifying factors.
Rothman's Insights on Inequality
- Social Class: Defined by economic position, education, and occupation, influencing individuals' life chances.
- Measurement of Inequality: Utilizes indicators such as income distribution, access to education, and employment opportunities to assess social divisions.
- Intersections of Inequality: Highlights how race, gender, and class intersect to create compounded disadvantages for certain groups.
Key Concepts of Rothman on Inequality
- Inequality Definition: Rothman defines inequality as the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society, emphasizing its impact on social divisions.
- Social Class: Social class is a critical factor in understanding inequality, as it influences access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.
- Employment: Employment status and job types contribute to social divisions, with disparities in job security, wages, and working conditions reflecting broader patterns of inequality.
Warwick-Booth's Readings on Social Divisions
- Definition of Social Inequality: Social inequality is a complex phenomenon shaped by various factors including class, gender, race, and employment status.
- Social Class Dynamics: Class affects access to resources and opportunities, reinforcing systemic inequalities.
- Employment Inequality: Job market disparities are influenced by educational attainment and social networks, contributing to broader patterns of inequality.
Summary of Social Inequality (Warwick)
- Definition: Social inequality refers to unequal access to resources, services, and opportunities based on income, power, status, and social characteristics.
- Types: Includes economic, political, and social inequalities.
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