15 Questions
Which type of Dementia includes tiny, frequent strokes due to high blood pressure and diabetes?
Vascular Dementia
Where does the condition of Alzheimer's disease begin in the brain?
Temporal lobe
What is a significant sign that indicates the need to see a medical professional for Alzheimer's disease?
Progressive memory decline leading to functional impairment
Which cognitive ability deteriorates in patients with Alzheimer's disease?
Language faculties including word-finding troubles
What is the characteristic feature of the Alzheimer's brain?
Larger and deeper sulci
What is the primary cause of Alzheimer's?
Buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau-filled neurofibrillary tangles
Which treatment is currently limited to delaying the progression of Alzheimer's by a few months?
Aricept
What is the characteristic feature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions?
Loss of myelin and injury to axons
What is the characteristic feature of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?
Tau buildup affecting brain stem regions and amygdala
What is the primary cause of Korsakoff's disease?
Deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Why are alcoholics prone to Korsakoff's disease?
Lack of thiamine intake and alcohol's inhibition of thiamine absorption
What is a potential treatment being explored for Alzheimer's due to the presence of inflammation in patients' brains?
Anti-inflammatory drugs
What is essential for cells to make use of energy, especially neural cells involved in memory?
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
What is a characteristic feature of an MS-affected brain?
Loss of myelin and injury to axons resulting in muscle weakness and lack of coordination.
Why are anorexics prone to Korsakoff's disease?
Due to a lack of thiamine intake.
Study Notes
- Alzheimer's is a type of dementia characterized by neural death in the Medial temporal lobe (MTL), leading to symptoms such as loss of retroactive memory, depression-like lethargy, self-awareness loss, and cortical retreat.
- Alzheimer's is caused by the buildup of b-amyloid plaques and tau-filled neurofibrillary tangles, which kill neurons.
- The Alzheimer's brain is retreating, making the sulci larger and deeper, with a smaller surface area.
- Diagnosis of Alzheimer's is based on pathological markers such as beta-amyloid plaques and tau-filled neurofibrillary tangles, which are the result of faulty protein buildup that kills neurons.
- Treatment for Alzheimer's is currently limited to Aricept, an acetylcholine agonist that delays disease progression by a few months.
- Preventing the buildup of deposits is impractical due to the long timeline, side effects, and the fact that plaques and tangles may be the basis but may be too late to prevent the disease.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs are being explored as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's due to the presence of inflammation in the Alzheimer's patient's brains.
- Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain degeneration condition associated with repeated injury to the head, leading to personality changes and behavioral issues.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that causes muscle weakness, lack of coordination, and progressive cognitive decline.
- Korsakoff's is a disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) due to severe alcoholism or malnutrition, leading to anterograde amnesia and destruction of neural cells involved in memory.
- Alcoholics and anorexics are disorders that put individuals at risk for Korsakoff's due to the lack of thiamine intake.
- Thiamine is essential for cells to make use of energy and without it, cells begin to die, especially the neural cells involved in memory.
- Treatment for Korsakoff's is IV infusion of thiamine, but it is ineffective once the damage has set in.
- CTE is associated with repeated brain injury, leading to the buildup of Tau and affecting the brain stem regions and amygdala.
- M.S is characterized by the loss of myelin, injury to axons, resulting in muscle weakness, lack of coordination, numbness and tingling, and progressive cognitive decline.
- M.S is caused by a low-moderate genetic component and the body's immune system attacking itself.
- Treatment for M.S is to suppress the body's immune system.
- Thiamine deficiency can cause Korsakoff's, which is associated with severe alcoholism or malnutrition.
- Alcohol inhibits Thiamine absorption, making alcoholics more susceptible to Korsakoff's.
- Anorexics can also develop Korsakoff's due to a lack of thiamine intake.
- Thiamine is essential for cells to make use of energy and without it, cells begin to die, especially the neural cells involved in memory.
- Treatment for Korsakoff's is IV infusion of thiamine, but it is ineffective once the damage has set in.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs are being explored as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's due to the presence of inflammation in the Alzheimer's patient's brains.
- CTE is associated with repeated brain injury, leading to the buildup of Tau and affecting the brain stem regions and amygdala.
- M.S is a disease that causes the loss of myelin, injury to axons, resulting in muscle weakness, lack of coordination, numbness and tingling, and progressive cognitive decline.
- M.S is caused by a low-moderate genetic component and the body's immune system attacking itself.
- The myelin sheath is found in the white matter of the brain, and MS lesions represent the loss of myelin and injury to axons.
- Treatment for M.S is to suppress the body's immune system because M.S patients' bodies are waging an attack on itself.
- Korsakoff's is a disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) due to severe alcoholism or malnutrition, leading to anterograde amnesia and destruction of neural cells involved in memory.
- Alcoholics are prone to Korsakoff's because they are not eating and alcohol inhibits Thiamine absorption.
- Anorexics can also develop Korsakoff's, as they are not consuming enough thiamine.
- Thiamine is necessary for cells to make use of energy, and without it, cells starve and begin to die.
- The cells that are the most energy-hungry and die first are the neural cells involved in memory.
- Treatment for Korsakoff's is IV infusion of thiamine, but it is ineffective once the damage has set in.
- CTE is associated with repeated injury to the head, leading to the buildup of Tau and affecting the brain stem regions and amygdala.
- CTE sufferers' brain stems and amygdala are significantly affected by Tau imaging.
- CTE is a brain degeneration condition, and personality changes and behavioral issues are common symptoms.
- Alzheimer's research has been lacking due to the challenge of treating the retreating brain.
- There have been numerous experimental drugs that work well in animal trials but fail in human trials due to the brain retreat issue.
- Drug companies have given up on Alzheimer's research due to continuous failure.
- Preventing the buildup of deposits is impractical due to the long timeline, side effects, and the fact that plaques and tangles may be the basis but may be too late to prevent the disease.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs are being explored as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's due to the presence of inflammation in the Alzheimer's patient's brains.
- The Alzheimer's brain is retreating, making the sulci larger and deeper, with a smaller surface area, and it is challenging to treat because it is not clear how to undo the retreating of the brain.
- The healthy brain has tighter sulci, and the Alzheimer's brain has larger and deeper sulci, indicating a retreat.
- The Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau-filled neurofibrillary tangles, which are the result of the buildup of faulty proteins that kill neurons.
- Aricept is currently the best treatment for Alzheimer's, but it only delays the progression of the disease by a few months.
- Research on Alzheimer's has been lacking due to the challenge of treating the retreating brain.
- There are experimental drugs that work well in animal trials but fail in human trials due to the brain retreat issue.
- The myelin sheath is found in the white matter of the brain and encircled in red are MS lesions, which represent the loss of myelin and injury to axons.
- MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease, which results in muscle weakness, lack of coordination, numbness and tingling, and progressive cognitive decline.
- MS is caused by a low-moderate genetic component and the body's immune system attacking itself.
- MS is treated by suppressing the body's immune system because M.S patients' bodies are waging an attack on itself.
- Alcoholics are prone to Korsakoff's due to the lack of thiamine intake and alcohol's inhibition of thiamine absorption.
- Anorexics are prone to Korsakoff's due to the lack of thiamine intake.
- Korsakoff's is a disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) due to severe alcoholism or malnutrition, leading to anterograde amnesia and destruction of neural cells involved in memory.
- Thiamine is essential for cells to make use of energy and without it, cells begin to die, especially the neural cells involved in memory.
- The cells that are the most energy-hungry and die first are the neural cells involved in memory.
- Treatment for Korsakoff's is IV infusion of thiamine, but it is ineffective once the damage has set in.
- The symptoms of Alzheimer's include loss of retroactive memory
Test your knowledge about Alzheimer's disease and dementia with this quiz. Includes information about symptomatology, prevalence, and types of dementia.
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