Questions and Answers
What is alveolar bone?
It is the portion of maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth sockets.
What process begins the formation of alveolar bone?
The alveolar bone is unrelated to the basal bone.
False
What is the thin lamella of bone that surrounds the root of the tooth called?
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What are the two types of supporting alveolar bone?
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The interdental septum consists of only cortical bone.
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What type of bone fills the area between the cortical plates in the supporting alveolar bone?
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The distance between the crest of the alveolar bone and the cementoenamel junction in young adults varies between ___ and ___ mm.
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What is the composition of alveolar bone mostly made up of?
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Study Notes
Alveolar Bone Overview
- Alveolar bone forms and supports tooth sockets (alveoli) within maxilla and mandible.
- It is specialized connective tissue, characterized by a mineralized organic matrix.
- Along with root cementum and periodontal ligament, it constitutes the attachment apparatus for teeth.
- Key functions include distribution and reabsorption of forces from mastication and tooth contact.
- Basal bone, found apically in the jaw, is unrelated to teeth.
Development
- Alveolar bone originates through intramembranous ossification in ectomesenchyme around developing teeth.
- Initial woven bone formation is disorganized; it is later replaced by organized lamellar bone.
- Upon shedding of a deciduous tooth, its alveolar bone is resorbed, making way for the permanent tooth, which develops its own alveolar bone.
- As the tooth root matures, alveolar and basal bone merge, becoming a continuous structure.
- Both bone types derive from neural crest ectomesenchyme but have different developmental origins.
Parts of Alveolar Bone
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Alveolar Bone Proper:
- A thin lamella surrounding tooth roots that anchors principal fibers of the periodontal ligament.
- Forms the inner socket wall, featuring perforations for blood vessels and nerve branches, termed Cribriform plate.
- Contains bundle bone with fewer fibrils; seen radiographically as lamina dura, which is denser than adjacent supporting bone.
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Supporting Alveolar Bone:
- Surrounds alveolar bone proper, providing socket support, composed of two parts:
- Cortical Plates: Compact bone forming the outer and inner plates.
- Spongy Bone: Fills space between the plates, also known as trabecular or cancellous bone.
- Surrounds alveolar bone proper, providing socket support, composed of two parts:
Interdental Septum
- Comprises cancellous bone bordered by cribriform plates of adjacent teeth and cortical plates.
- If the interdental space is less than 0.5 mm (kissing roots), cancellous bone may be absent.
- Close roots can create irregular “windows” in the bone, affecting blood supply.
- The crest of the interdental septum usually parallels a line between the cementoenamel junctions of adjacent teeth.
- The distance from the alveolar bone crest to the cementoenamel junction in young adults averages 1.08 mm, with a range of 0.75 to 1.49 mm.
- Interdental septum dimensions depend on tooth size, shape, and position in the jaw.
Composition
- Inorganic components make up 67% of alveolar bone, predominantly as hydroxyapatite.
- Organic components constitute 33%, with collagen being 28% (mostly Type I).
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Description
This quiz explores the structure and function of alveolar bone, which supports tooth sockets in the maxilla and mandible. It examines its role as a specialized connective tissue, its mineralized organic matrix, and its importance in the attachment apparatus of the teeth. Understand how alveolar bone interacts with other dental structures during mastication.
