الثورة الاشتراكية والمشاريع السياسية

Course Information

• Course title: History and Geography
• Level: First year Baccalaureate
• Subject: Sciences
• Author: Professor AMAGHRANE BADR
• Publication date: 2024/2025

Units Overview

• Comprehensive summary of various historical and geographical topics
• Detailed notes cover historical and geographical contexts, patterns of development, and various case studies
• Covers topics such as the global capitalist transformations of the 19th and 20th centuries, the growth of imperialism, World War I and its consequences, the rise of socialist and nationalist movements, the emergence of various ideologies, the colonization of Morocco, and many more influential historical events.
• Includes detailed analyses of different case studies from various countries and regions

Detailed Study Notes

• Unit 1: Transformations of the Global Capitalist World in the 19th & 20th Centuries
  • Description of the capitalist economic and social system that developed notably during the 19th century, based on private ownership of means of production.
  • Individual initiative, economic and market freedom, and profit as the driving force of production are key features of this system.
  • Unit 2: Economic, financial, social, and intellectual transformations in Europe during the 19th Century
    • Analysis of technical transformations that impacted production methods, work processes, and technologies during the 19th and 20th centuries.
    • Explanation of financial capitalism as a phase in the capitalist development concerning the transition of banks from money deposition to investments in various economical sectors. Key characteristics including the appearance of anonymous companies and holding companies.
  • Unit 3: Imperialist rivalry and the outbreak of World War I
    • Discussion of the conflict among European powers over colonies, the pursuit of markets and raw materials during the 19th century.
    • Explanation of alliances and agreements among European powers, including the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. These details relate to territorial disputes, regional issues, and the rising tensions preceding World War I
    • Causes and consequences of wars at the international level.
  • Unit 4: Intellectual Awakening in the Arab East
    • Discussion of the dissemination of printing presses and the growth of journalism in the Arab world.
    • Description of the expansion of modern education through the establishment of primary and secondary schools.
    • Analysis of openness toward western thought through the exchange of students' delegations and missionary groups.
    • Analysis of the role of influential figures like Muhammad Ali in driving the modernization process in Egypt.
  • Unit 5: Colonial Pressures on Morocco and Attempts at Reform
    • Analysis of the military, economic, and diplomatic pressures exerted on Morocco during the 19th century.
    • Identification of the internal and external pressures as contributing factors in the colonialization of Morocco.
    • Description of various agreements and treaties that had implications in Morocco's territory.
    • Discussion of the impact of the colonial pressures on the Moroccan economy and society.
    • Explanation of reform attempts undertaken by the Moroccan government.
  • Unit 6: Europe after World War I up to the 1929 Crisis
    • Comprehensive analysis of the consequences of World War I, including human, economic, and political outcomes.
    • Discussion of the impact of World War I on European countries resulting in social unrest, new political landscape, and re-organization of international affairs.
    • Breakdown of the causes and consequences of the 1929 economic crisis, and its impact on various parts of the world.
  • Unit 7: The Rise of Fascism and Nazism
    • Examination of the emergence of extremist ideologies in Europe and their causes
    • Explanation of the rise of dictatorships in different European countries.
  • Unit 8: The Second World War: Causes and Consequences
    • Analysis of the causes and consequences of World War II, including the roles of different nations
  • Unit 9: Morocco's Struggle for Independence and Territorial Unity
    • Analysis of the Moroccan resistance against the colonial forces, including military and political struggles.
  • Unit 10: The Arab World: Water Issues and Desertification
    • Analysis of issues relating to scarcity of water resources in the Arab world
    • Examination of the causes, factors, and proposed solutions to address contemporary water issues.
    • Focus on desertification, potential causes, its effects, and potential solutions to counter its spread.
  • Unit 11: The United States: A Major Economic Power
    • Examination of the numerous factors that contributed to its emergence as an economic power.
    • Description of its agricultural, industrial, and trading strengths.
    • Discussion of major challenges facing the American economy.
  • Unit 12: The European Union: Towards Comprehensive Integration
    • Review of the integration process among European nations, focusing on the economic, social, and political factors underpinning it.
  • Unit 13: China: An Emerging Economic Power
    • Analysis of China's rapid economic growth, its main drivers (natural factors, human resources, regulations), its strengths in agriculture, industry, and trade.
    • Assessment of China's challenges, both economic and social ones.

Methodology

• Detailed methodology sections for effectively using documents in both history and geography for analysis, interpretation, and synthesis, tailored for first-year baccalaureate students.
• Explains how to analyze the context, extract fundamental concepts, formulate questions, and describe phenomena.