Alternative Waste Treatment Methods: Composting, Anaerobic Digestion, and Pyrolysis

Composting is the process of making a heap of wetted organic matter and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or ______

The decomposed product of composting, known as compost, can be recycled as a fertilizer and soil ______

Composting helps reduce or eliminate the need for chemical ______

Composting captures and destroys 99.6 percent of industrial volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in contaminated ______

Anaerobic digestion, composting/aerobic digestion, and pyrolysis and gasification are alternative waste treatment ______

Composting provides cost savings of at least 50 percent over conventional soil, water, and air pollution remediation ______

______ gas outside the site must not exceed 1 vol% CH4, I vol% H2, 1.5% CO2

Passive venting involves highly permeable vent of gravel material or perforated plastic pipe vented to ______

Pumping extraction systems pump the gas out of the landfill, then it is flared or used for energy ______

Leachate is water passed through the waste plus water generated by ______

The generation rate of leachate is estimated based on factors like rainfall, amount of rainfall infiltrating to the waste through the cover, and absorptive capacity of the ______

Drainage system for leachate management contains permeable granular system with perforated pipes to collection ______

The landfill site is developed, operated and restored in a series of __________

Within each phase are cells –typically between 3 and 5 m, - weeks or months tipping area. Waste deposited and __________

Addition of daily __________

Decomposition processes of biodegradable wastes in landfills: Stage I. Hydrolysis/aerobic __________

The heat generated can raise the temperature of the waste to up to 70°C-90°C. Carbon dioxide absorbed into water to form- carbonic acid which gives acidity to the __________

Different micro-organisms, the facultative anaerobes become dominant. Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are hydrolysed to sugars which are then further decomposed to carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic __________