Alternative Waste Treatment Methods: Composting, Anaerobic Digestion, and Pyrolysis

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Composting is the process of making a heap of wetted organic matter and waiting for the materials to break down into humus after a period of weeks or ______

months

The decomposed product of composting, known as compost, can be recycled as a fertilizer and soil ______

amendment

Composting helps reduce or eliminate the need for chemical ______

fertilizers

Composting captures and destroys 99.6 percent of industrial volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in contaminated ______

air Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic digestion, composting/aerobic digestion, and pyrolysis and gasification are alternative waste treatment ______

methods Signup and view all the answers

Composting provides cost savings of at least 50 percent over conventional soil, water, and air pollution remediation ______

technologies Signup and view all the answers

______ gas outside the site must not exceed 1 vol% CH4, I vol% H2, 1.5% CO2

Landfill Signup and view all the answers

Passive venting involves highly permeable vent of gravel material or perforated plastic pipe vented to ______

atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

Pumping extraction systems pump the gas out of the landfill, then it is flared or used for energy ______

recovery Signup and view all the answers

Leachate is water passed through the waste plus water generated by ______

degradation Signup and view all the answers

The generation rate of leachate is estimated based on factors like rainfall, amount of rainfall infiltrating to the waste through the cover, and absorptive capacity of the ______

waste Signup and view all the answers

Drainage system for leachate management contains permeable granular system with perforated pipes to collection ______

sumps Signup and view all the answers

The landfill site is developed, operated and restored in a series of __________

phases Signup and view all the answers

Within each phase are cells –typically between 3 and 5 m, - weeks or months tipping area. Waste deposited and __________

Compacted Signup and view all the answers

Addition of daily __________

cover Signup and view all the answers

Decomposition processes of biodegradable wastes in landfills: Stage I. Hydrolysis/aerobic __________

degradation Signup and view all the answers

The heat generated can raise the temperature of the waste to up to 70°C-90°C. Carbon dioxide absorbed into water to form- carbonic acid which gives acidity to the __________

leachate Signup and view all the answers

Different micro-organisms, the facultative anaerobes become dominant. Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are hydrolysed to sugars which are then further decomposed to carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and organic __________

acids Signup and view all the answers