Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant challenge for authorities when regulating and monitoring Hawalas?
What is a significant challenge for authorities when regulating and monitoring Hawalas?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why individuals might choose to use Hawala systems?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why individuals might choose to use Hawala systems?
How do criminals exploit the operations of Hawalas for money laundering?
How do criminals exploit the operations of Hawalas for money laundering?
What tactic do criminal organizations utilize through Hawalas to make money disappear?
What tactic do criminal organizations utilize through Hawalas to make money disappear?
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Which statement best describes the record-keeping practices of Hawaladars?
Which statement best describes the record-keeping practices of Hawaladars?
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Why are Hawalas particularly attractive to terrorist financiers?
Why are Hawalas particularly attractive to terrorist financiers?
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What was a method used by Al-Qaeda before September 11, 2001, involving Hawalas?
What was a method used by Al-Qaeda before September 11, 2001, involving Hawalas?
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What is the primary reason Hawalas operate outside of official financial frameworks?
What is the primary reason Hawalas operate outside of official financial frameworks?
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Which feature is essential for identifying transactions within a Hawala system?
Which feature is essential for identifying transactions within a Hawala system?
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What is the role of the local agent in a Hawala transaction?
What is the role of the local agent in a Hawala transaction?
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In the provided example, who serves as the supplier for the Zambian Café in New York?
In the provided example, who serves as the supplier for the Zambian Café in New York?
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What is a common misconception about Hawalas compared to traditional banking systems?
What is a common misconception about Hawalas compared to traditional banking systems?
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Which of the following best describes how Hawalas settle their accounts?
Which of the following best describes how Hawalas settle their accounts?
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What commission is Kwame Wekasa required to pay when using Hawala services?
What commission is Kwame Wekasa required to pay when using Hawala services?
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Which community is primarily associated with the use of Hawala systems?
Which community is primarily associated with the use of Hawala systems?
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Study Notes
Alternative Remittance Systems (ARS)
- ARSs are methods of transferring money outside the traditional banking system
- ARSs are often informal and unlicensed, making them illegal in many countries
- Hawalas are the most well-known ARS
- Hawalas are based on trust and work by transferring money without physical movement of cash
How Hawalas Work
- A payer gives money to a local Hawala agent
- The agent contacts a counterpart overseas and instructs them to pay the recipient
- A unique code is used to identify the transaction
- The recipient receives the funds after providing the code to the receiving Hawala
Example of Hawala Transaction
- Benjamin Abel, owner of Zambian Café in Queens, NY, acts as a Hawala agent
- Kwame Wekasa uses Zambian Café to send $500 to his daughter in Zambia
- Benjamin contacts his cousin Adisa Abel, who manages Taste of New York in Lusaka, Zambia, to make the payment
- Adisa pays Doto Wekasa the equivalent amount in Zambian Kwachas
Reasons for Using Hawalas
- Lack of access to traditional banking services
- Cultural preferences for informal money transfer systems
- Lower costs compared to traditional banking
- Faster transfer times in some cases
- Sending money to areas without compatible banks or money services
Money Laundering Risks of Hawalas
- Hawalas are attractive to money launderers due to their lack of regulation and paper trails
- Criminals can use Hawalas to place funds without leaving a trace
- Hawalas can be used to layer and integrate illicit funds into the legitimate economy
Terrorist Financing Through Hawalas
- Hawalas are used by terrorist financiers due to their anonymity and lack of oversight
- Funds can be transferred to sanctioned countries
- Hawalas may keep unofficial records that are difficult to trace
Example of Terrorist Financing Through Hawalas
- Al-Qaeda used Hawalas to transfer funds before 9/11
- Hawaladars were trusted and understood the source and purpose of the funds
- Some Hawaladars were unaware of the illegal activities but were willing to process transactions
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Description
Test your knowledge on Alternative Remittance Systems (ARS), focusing especially on the Hawala method. This quiz covers how Hawalas operate, their informal nature, and a practical example of a Hawala transaction. Explore the intricacies of these informal money transfer systems.
