Altered Respiratory Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following conditions is primarily characterized by chronic obstruction of airflow from the lungs?

  • COPD (correct)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Asthma
  • Pneumonia

    • Antihistamines can help relieve nasal congestion effectively.

    False

    What medication promotes vasoconstriction of vessels in the nose?

    Decongestant

    The medication pseudoephedrine is classified as a __________.

    <p>decongestant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medications with their primary side effects or teaching points:

    <p>Desloratadine (Clarinex) = No help with congestion Cetirizine (Zyrtec) = Few if any side effects Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) = Increases BP and IOP Phenylephrine (Nasal Spray) = Be aware of pre-existing conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum flow rate for a high flow nasal cannula?

    <p>60 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mask should fit loosely during inhalation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advanced interventions may be needed for a patient with breathing difficulties?

    <p>CPAP or BiPAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High flow nasal cannula blends O2 with __________ air.

    <p>compressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following interventions with their descriptions:

    <p>CPAP = Continuous positive airway pressure used to keep airways open BiPAP = Bilevel positive airway pressure for different inhalation and exhalation pressures High Flow Nasal Cannula = Delivers high concentrations of oxygen at high flow rates Oxygen Mask = Delivers oxygen for those who cannot breathe adequately on their own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FIO2 represent in the context of oxygen therapy?

    <p>Fraction of Inspired Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients should be monitored closely when using oxygen therapy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High flow nasal cannula can generate FIO2 up to __________ at a flow rate of up to 60 L/min.

    <p>1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the humidifier described?

    <p>It provides 100% body humidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The humidifier is capable of providing only 50% body humidity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is created by an active humidifier?

    <p>A heated and humid environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An active humidifier is capable of providing __________ body humidity.

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to humidifiers with their descriptions:

    <p>Active = Operates to generate humidity Heated = Increases air temperature Humidifier = Device that adds moisture to air Capable = Having the ability to do something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma is characterized by irreversible airway obstruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the clinical manifestations of bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main pathophysiologic process in asthma is persistent but variable _______ of the airways.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pharyngitis with their characteristics:

    <p>Bacterial = Presence of fever and tonsillar exudate Viral = Red/swollen pharynx with pink nasal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT typically used for bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Topical decongestants can be used for more than 5 days without risk.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lung cancer is commonly associated with COPD?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The absence of a cough is a characteristic feature of _______ pharyngitis.

    <p>bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common assessment finding in chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Cough with sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cor Pulmonale refers to left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of asthma during an attack?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary infections may require the use of _______.

    <p>antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diseases with their common treatment approaches:

    <p>Asthma = Bronchodilators Chronic Bronchitis = Pulmonary rehabilitation Tuberculosis = Antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing care tip for patients with bacterial pharyngitis?

    <p>Administer antibiotics until completed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of chronic cor pulmonale?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All patients with COPD develop cor pulmonale.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two physical signs associated with chronic cor pulmonale.

    <p>Distended neck veins and hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O2 therapy is linked to improved __________ of COPD patients.

    <p>survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oxygen delivery devices with their descriptions:

    <p>Nasal Cannula = Most used device, safe and simple Simple Face Mask = Used for short periods, covers nose and mouth Partial and Non-Rebreather = Used for short-term therapy, higher oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxygen delivery device is most commonly used for patients who can tolerate low flow?

    <p>Nasal Cannula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The partial and non-rebreather mask is suitable for long-term therapy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What flow rate does a simple face mask typically provide?

    <p>6-12 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen therapy must be prescribed as it is considered a __________.

    <p>medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed when using a nasal cannula?

    <p>Nose and ears for skin breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher oxygen concentrations can lead to CO2 buildup in the blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What flow rate ensures the reservoir bag in a partial non-rebreather is inflated?

    <p>10-15 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with cor pulmonale?

    <p>Coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen therapy increases the partial pressure of O2 in __________ air.

    <p>inspired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Altered Respiratory Function

    • Common respiratory conditions: COPD, Asthma, Emphysema, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Upper Respiratory Infections (URI).

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Upper and lower respiratory tracts are essential for gas exchange and airflow regulation.

    Upper Respiratory Airway

    • Critical for filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air.
    • Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

    Lower Respiratory Airway

    • Comprises the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles leading to alveoli for gas exchange.

    Etiology (Causes)

    • Infection (viral/bacterial), allergens, environmental irritants, and lifestyle factors contribute to respiratory diseases.

    Medications

    • Antihistamines: Reduce acute symptoms like itching and nasal secretions; do not alleviate congestion.
    • Decongestants: Induce vasoconstriction to relieve nasal congestion; can raise blood pressure and heart rate.

    Influenza

    • Seasonal viral infection causing fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.

    Sinusitis

    • Inflammation of sinus cavities leading to nasal obstruction, facial pain, and purulent nasal discharge.

    Pharyngitis

    • Bacterial causes include Group A Streptococcus associated with fever and swollen lymph nodes.
    • Viral causes result in symptoms like red pharynx and clear nasal discharge.

    Lower Respiratory Problems

    • Affected by infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis), chronic conditions (COPD), and obstructive diseases (asthma).

    Tuberculosis

    • Contagious bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs, characterized by persistent cough and weight loss.

    Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD and Asthma)

    • Asthma: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing wheezing, breathlessness, and reversible airflow obstruction.
    • COPD: Primarily caused by cigarette smoking, leading to chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

    COPD Complications

    • Polycythemia Vera: Increased hemoglobin due to chronic hypoxia.
    • Cor Pulmonale: Right heart failure from pulmonary hypertension; significant symptom includes dyspnea.

    Oxygen Therapy

    • O2 therapy is critical for treating COPD and hypoxemia; it enhances blood oxygen levels.

    Flow Delivery Methods for Oxygen

    • Low Flow: Nasal cannula and simple face mask; safe and effective for patients with mild to moderate needs.
    • High Flow: Nasal cannula and non-rebreather masks; capable of delivering a higher concentration of O2 for critically ill patients.

    Nursing Interventions

    • Monitor patient responses to oxygen therapy, ensuring equipment fits well and is functioning correctly.
    • Provide adequate humidification to prevent drying of airways, especially in higher flow scenarios.

    Asthma Risk Factors

    • Allergens, pollutants, respiratory infections, and genetic predisposition can exacerbate symptoms.

    Assessment and Diagnostics

    • Assess lung function through spirometry and symptom history; chest X-rays may also be utilized for diagnosis.

    COPD Interventions

    • Focus on smoking cessation, bronchodilator therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

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    Altered Respiratory Function

    Description

    Test your knowledge on altered respiratory functions including COPD, Asthma, and Pneumonia. This quiz covers anatomy, physiology, and the etiology of various respiratory conditions. Challenge yourself to recognize key concepts related to upper and lower respiratory airways.

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