ALS Treatment Options

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Riluzole in the treatment of ALS?

  • Decreases the release of glutamate (correct)
  • Reverses muscle weakness
  • Increases motor neuron function
  • Reduces oxidative stress

What is the typical dosing cycle for Edaravone in the treatment of ALS?

  • Daily for 10 days, followed by a 10-day drug-free period
  • Daily for 14 days, followed by a 14-day drug-free period (correct)
  • Every other day for 10 days, followed by a 10-day drug-free period
  • Weekly for 6 weeks, followed by a 6-week drug-free period

What is the primary goal of moderate-intensity exercises in the management of ALS?

  • To reduce muscle weakness
  • To reduce ALS spasticity (correct)
  • To increase respiratory function
  • To improve cognitive function

What is a key aspect of nursing interventions for ALS patients?

<p>Facilitating communication and reducing aspiration risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of emotional support for ALS patients and caregivers?

<p>Discussing advance directives and artificial methods of ventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the illness trajectory for ALS patients?

<p>The patient is cognitively intact while wasting away (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of motor neurons affected in ALS?

<p>Facilitate voluntary muscle movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ALS cases have a known genetic cause?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average lifespan of an ALS patient after diagnosis?

<p>2-5 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the nervous system is primarily affected in ALS?

<p>Brainstem and spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the former name of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

<p>Lou Gehrig's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying pathology of ALS?

<p>Degeneration of motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is more characteristic of upper motor neuron disease?

<p>Increased muscle tone and stiffness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the diagnostic tests for ALS?

<p>Neurologic examination and patient history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of maintaining weight for people living with ALS?

<p>Increased life expectancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of supportive therapy for ALS?

<p>Symptom management and quality of life improvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of lower motor neuron disease on muscle tone?

<p>Decreased muscle tone and flaccidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of upper motor neuron disease?

<p>Muscle weakness and wasting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular mechanisms contributes to the development of an inflammatory milieu in ALS?

<p>M1 activated microglia's secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential environmental risk factor for ALS, particularly for women after menopause?

<p>Smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical feature of ALS that a neurologist may look for during assessment?

<p>Muscle weakness, often only on one side of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential link between military service and the development of ALS?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of defects in protein degradation pathways in ALS?

<p>Protein aggregate formation and RNA toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of astrocytes' impaired glutamate clearance in ALS?

<p>Neuronal excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason people living with ALS require more calories than those without ALS?

<p>Because their metabolic requirements are higher even with reduced physical activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial role of nurses in caring for ALS patients?

<p>Coordinating care and educating patients and families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of using a feeding tube for ALS patients?

<p>Helping patients meet their nutrition and hydration needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential component of providing adequate care and comfort to ALS patients and their families?

<p>An interprofessional team (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential nursing intervention for ALS patients experiencing muscle weakness?

<p>Decreasing the risk of fall-related injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why sensory symptoms are not typical of motor neurone disease?

<p>The motor neurones are affected, but the sensory neurones are not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motor neurone disease primarily affects the muscles of talking and swallowing?

<p>Progressive bulbar palsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of motor neurone disease cases are inherited?

<p>5-10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible risk factor for developing motor neurone disease, in addition to family history?

<p>Smoking and exposure to heavy metals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age of onset for motor neurone disease?

<p>60-70 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the weakness experienced by patients with motor neurone disease?

<p>It is gradual and progressive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for delayed diagnosis of motor neurone disease?

<p>The need to exclude other conditions with similar symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using Riluzole in the management of ALS?

<p>It slows the progression of the disease and extends survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in patients with motor neurone disease?

<p>Respiratory failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the management of motor neurone disease?

<p>Supporting the patient and their family (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of muscle tone in upper motor neurone disease?

<p>Increased tone or spasticity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of multidisciplinary team input in the management of motor neurone disease?

<p>To support and maintain the patient's quality of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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