Alpine Biome Flashcards

Study Notes

Alpine Biome Overview

The term "alpine" originates from the Latin word "alpes," meaning 'high mountain.'
Alpine biomes are found in mountain regions globally, usually above 10,000 feet, just below the snow line.

Landscape Characteristics

Characterized by cold, snowy, and windy conditions; trees cannot grow in this biome.
Growing season lasts approximately 180 days; night temperatures are consistently below freezing.
Well-drained soil differs from arctic tundra soil, with distinct light exposure due to high altitude and diminished atmosphere.
Flora includes tussock grasses, dwarf trees, small-leafed shrubs, and heaths; fauna includes mountain goats, sheep, elk, beetles, grasshoppers, and butterflies.

Climate Details

Summer temperatures range from 10 to 15° C, while winter temperatures are consistently below freezing, lasting from October to May.
Precipitation averages around 30 cm annually, with conditions resembling those of both tundra and arctic biomes.
The alpine and arctic biomes together cover 16% of Earth's surface, characterized by cold and dry climates year-round.

Soil Conditions

Slow decomposition of organic matter due to cold results in poor soil fertility.
Alpine plants thrive in sandy and rocky soils, often adapted to dry environments; they require careful watering to avoid over-saturation.

Plant Life Dominance

Approximately 200 species of alpine plants exist, featuring adaptations to extreme climates.
Limited carbon dioxide availability at high altitudes challenges photosynthesis; most plants are small, perennial groundcover that grows slowly and remain close to the ground for protection against wind and cold.

Interconnected Features

Alpine fauna face challenges from cold temperatures and elevated UV exposure due to thinner atmosphere.
Adaptations in warm-blooded animals include hibernation, migration, and increased fat insulation.
Shorter limbs and larger lung capacities are common traits among animals to reduce heat loss and cope with lower oxygen levels at high altitudes.
Similar adaptations are seen in humans residing in high-altitude regions, such as the Andes and Himalayas.

Description

Explore the unique characteristics of the alpine biome with these flashcards. From its name origin to its cold, snowy landscapes, learn about the features that define this high mountain environment. Perfect for anyone studying ecology or geography.