Allosteric Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

In the context of glucose metabolism, what is the primary function of insulin in the liver?

  • Stimulates glycogenesis (correct)
  • Blocks glycogenolysis
  • Activates glucagon receptors
  • Promotes pentose phosphate pathway
  • Which pathway runs alongside glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and produces monosaccharides, NADPH, and antioxidants?

  • Insulin Signaling
  • Glycogenesis
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway (correct)
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Which hormone has a direct effect of promoting glycogenolysis in muscle tissue?

  • Insulin in liver
  • Glucagon in muscle (correct)
  • Insulin in muscle
  • Epinephrine in liver
  • What is the main function of NADPH in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

    <p>Provides reducing power (electrons) for biosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway generates pentoses and produces NADPH?

    <p>Oxidative Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the autophosphorylation process in insulin signaling?

    <p>Activation of Akt (PKB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the first step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway regulated?

    <p>By levels of NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glycogenesis, what is the primary role of Akt (PKB) activated by insulin?

    <p>Stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is involved in blocking glycogenolysis by stimulating PP1?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway involves the conversion of monosaccharides to hexoses for entry into glycolysis?

    <p>Pentose Phosphate Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key process is described by the insulin signaling cascade upon ligand binding?

    <p>Autophosphorylation of Akt (PKB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be oxidized into CO2 according to the text?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether glycogen synthase is active or not?

    <p>Phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme phosphorylates glycogen synthase, leading to its inactivation?

    <p>GSK-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>Dephosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule deactivates glycogen phosphorylase?

    <p>PP1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of glycogen metabolism, what is the role of PKA?

    <p>Activates glycogen phosphorylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in a process called glycogenolysis?

    <p>Glycogen phosphorylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of UTP in the synthesis of glycogen?

    <p>Activating glucose for further metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme acts as a branch point in the glycogen structure?

    <p>Branching enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main regulator of both Glycogen phosphorylase and Glycogen synthase?

    <p>PKA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves breaking down glycogen molecule one glucose at a time?

    <p>Glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component serves as a core protein and an enzyme in glycogen synthesis?

    <p>Glycogenin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycogen?

    <p>To store glucose monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?

    <p>Glycogen synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of epinephrine and norepinephrine in regulating glycogen storage?

    <p>Activate enzymes for glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glycogenolysis is true?

    <p>It is stimulated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which pathway do we find reactions that generate ribose-5-phosphate?

    <p>Pentose phosphate pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insulin signaling affect glycogen metabolism?

    <p>Activates glycogen synthase to promote glycogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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