Allosteric Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism

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In the context of glucose metabolism, what is the primary function of insulin in the liver?

Stimulates glycogenesis (correct)

Blocks glycogenolysis

Activates glucagon receptors

Promotes pentose phosphate pathway

Which pathway runs alongside glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and produces monosaccharides, NADPH, and antioxidants?

Insulin Signaling

Glycogenesis

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (correct)

Glycogenolysis

Which hormone has a direct effect of promoting glycogenolysis in muscle tissue?

Insulin in liver

Glucagon in muscle (correct)

Insulin in muscle

Epinephrine in liver

What is the main function of NADPH in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

Provides reducing power (electrons) for biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway generates pentoses and produces NADPH?

Oxidative Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of the autophosphorylation process in insulin signaling?

Activation of Akt (PKB) Signup and view all the answers

How is the first step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway regulated?

By levels of NADP+ Signup and view all the answers

During glycogenesis, what is the primary role of Akt (PKB) activated by insulin?

Stimulates storage of glucose as glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is involved in blocking glycogenolysis by stimulating PP1?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the conversion of monosaccharides to hexoses for entry into glycolysis?

Pentose Phosphate Pathway Signup and view all the answers

What key process is described by the insulin signaling cascade upon ligand binding?

Autophosphorylation of Akt (PKB) Signup and view all the answers

What can be oxidized into CO2 according to the text?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether glycogen synthase is active or not?

Phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme phosphorylates glycogen synthase, leading to its inactivation?

GSK-3 Signup and view all the answers

What activates glycogen phosphorylase?

Dephosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule deactivates glycogen phosphorylase?

PP1 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of glycogen metabolism, what is the role of PKA?

Activates glycogen phosphorylase Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen in a process called glycogenolysis?

Glycogen phosphorylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UTP in the synthesis of glycogen?

Activating glucose for further metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme acts as a branch point in the glycogen structure?

Branching enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the main regulator of both Glycogen phosphorylase and Glycogen synthase?

PKA Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves breaking down glycogen molecule one glucose at a time?

Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which component serves as a core protein and an enzyme in glycogen synthesis?

Glycogenin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen?

To store glucose monomers Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of glycogen?

Glycogen synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epinephrine and norepinephrine in regulating glycogen storage?

Activate enzymes for glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glycogenolysis is true?

It is stimulated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin Signup and view all the answers

In which pathway do we find reactions that generate ribose-5-phosphate?

Pentose phosphate pathway Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin signaling affect glycogen metabolism?

Activates glycogen synthase to promote glycogenesis Signup and view all the answers