Questions and Answers
What is the classification of allopurinol?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
What is the medication order for allopurinol?
Route: PO, Dose: 100 mg daily, increase weekly based on serum uric acid; doses > 300 mg/day should be given in divided doses.
What is the primary action of allopurinol?
Inhibits the production of uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase.
The onset of action for allopurinol is ___ days and its peak is ___ weeks.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pregnancy category of allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some cautions associated with allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some adverse reactions of allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What assessments should be monitored for patients taking allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What labs should be monitored for patients on allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What should patients be taught to report when taking allopurinol?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Overview
- Classified as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, primarily used to manage uric acid levels.
Dosage and Administration
- Administered orally (PO) with an initial dose of 100 mg daily.
- Dose can be increased weekly based on serum uric acid levels; doses exceeding 300 mg should be given in divided doses.
Pharmacological Action
- Works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, leading to reduced uric acid production in the body.
Onset and Peak Effects
- Onset of action typically occurs within 1-2 days.
- Peak effectiveness is seen after 1-2 weeks of treatment.
Pregnancy Considerations
- Classified as category C in pregnancy, indicating potential risks that necessitate careful consideration.
Cautions and Contraindications
- Caution is advised in patients with acute gout attacks, renal insufficiency, and dehydration.
Adverse Reactions
- Possible reactions include hypotension, flushing, hypertension, bradycardia, heart failure (HF), hematuria, rash, urticaria, and bone marrow depression.
Patient Assessment
- Regular monitoring of intake and output (I/O) is essential.
- Assessment for skin rash and monitoring of joint pain and swelling are recommended.
Laboratory Monitoring
- Serum and urine uric acid levels should be monitored; expect a decrease in levels.
- Check blood glucose (BG), along with hematologic, renal, and liver function tests regularly.
Patient Education
- Patients should be instructed to report any skin rash, blood in urine, or flu-like symptoms promptly to their healthcare provider.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts related to Allopurinol (Zyloprim) through these informative flashcards. Each card covers crucial aspects such as classification, medication orders, actions, and pharmacokinetics. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals wanting to enhance their understanding of this important medication.
