Allergy and Lung Regulation Quiz

False (B)

Histamine

<p>mucosal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG = Highly specific antibodies targeting single epitopes IgA = Protects the neonatal gut and is expressed in mucosal tissue IgM = Circulating tetramers made at the beginning of infection IgE = Implicated in allergy and response to parasitic threats IgD = Induces antibodies in B cells and activates basophils and mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noradrenaline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-acting anti-muscarinics = E.g., ipratropium bromide Long-acting anti-muscarinics = E.g., tiotropium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Previously formed antibodies reacting with antigens on host cell membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG or IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell lysis = Myasthenia Opsonisation and phagocytosis = Autoimmune hemolysis Neutrophil activation and tissue damage = Anti-GBM disease Metabolic activation = Graves’ disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemolytic disease of the newborn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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The fight-or-flight response is triggered by the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the body for immediate action.

Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerve fibers, acting as a chemical messenger in the nervous system, especially during stress and excitement.

Adrenergic receptors are a type of cell surface receptor that bind noradrenaline, triggering a physiological response, like increased heart rate or dilation of airways.

Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors are two main types of receptors that respond to noradrenaline, each triggering different physiological effects.

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are located in the smooth muscles of the airways, and when activated by noradrenaline, they cause relaxation of the airway muscles, leading to bronchodilation.

The most common type of antibody found in blood and lymph. It helps fight bacterial infections and viruses.

This antibody is found in mucosal tissues like the gut and lungs. It protects against infections and helps prevent pathogens from entering the body. It also plays a role in protecting newborns through breast milk.

This antibody forms as a pentamer. It is the first antibody produced during an infection and helps to neutralize pathogens.

This antibody, also called reagin, is mostly found in blood and tissues. It has a high affinity for mast cells. It is important in the response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions.

This antibody is found on the surface of B cells. It helps to activate the immune response and aids in the production of other antibodies.

A type of immune response where the body overreacts to a harmless substance, like pollen, food, or medication.

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause swelling, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.

A type of hypersensitivity reaction where antibodies attack the body's own cells.

It involves antibodies binding to antigens on the surface of cells, leading to cell destruction.

Autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, are examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions.

A condition where antibodies attack the glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage.

Goodpasture syndrome is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack the glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys and the alveoli in the lungs.

Type IV collagen is a major component of the glomerular basement membrane, the structure that filters waste in the kidneys.

The alpha-3 subunit of type IV collagen is the specific antigen that triggers the immune response in Goodpasture syndrome.

Immune complexes, formed by the binding of antigens and antibodies, trigger Type III hypersensitivity.