Allergy and Anaphylaxis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in managing an anaphylactic reaction?

  • Administer epinephrine
  • Listen to heart and lungs
  • Apply oxygen (correct)
  • Get vital signs

    • What is the recommended dose of IM epinephrine for anaphylaxis in children?

  • 0.01 mg/kg, maximum dose 0.3 mg (correct)
  • 0.05 mg/kg, maximum dose 0.3 mg
  • 0.05 mg/kg, maximum dose 0.5 mg
  • 0.01 mg/kg, maximum dose 0.5 mg

    • What should you do if a patient develops a cutaneous rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but has no other associated symptoms?

  • Advise patient to go to ED immediately
  • Administer epinephrine and call EMS
  • Stop the offending agent and recommend OTC Benadryl and possibly hydrocortisone (correct)
  • Monitor the patient's vital signs for 30 minutes

    • What are worrisome symptoms of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Facial/oral swelling, breathing difficulties, and vesicles/skin sloughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time interval for repeating IM epinephrine administration if necessary?

    <p>Every 5-10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if a patient reports a rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but also has associated symptoms such as lip/facial swelling and shortness of breath?

    <p>Advise patient to go to ED immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of epinephrine in an EpiPen?

    <p>1:1,000 dilution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame for an immediate reaction to evolve after drug exposure?

    <p>Within 1st hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have urticaria and angioedema?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a late phase reaction?

    <p>Within 3-4 hours after a decline in immediate reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an accelerated reaction?

    <p>1-72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a delayed reaction?

    <p>After 72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have airway complaints?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children in the U.S. have a food allergy?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people?

    <p>Allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for allergy?

    <p>Tobacco smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most consequential finding of anaphylaxis that causes decreased blood pressure, perfusion, and possible death?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important treatment for anaphylaxis?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which an immune response becomes sensitized to a particular substance?

    <p>Sensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of allergy or anaphylaxis?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of anaphylaxis cases exhibit dyspnea or wheeze?

    <p>45-50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of intravascular volume can be lost within 15 minutes in anaphylaxis?

    <p>~50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of anaphylaxis that affects the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Allergy and Anaphylaxis

    • An allergy is an immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people.
    • 8% of children in the U.S. have a food allergy.

    Risk Factors for Allergy

    • Asthma
    • Atopic Dermatitis
    • Environmental factors:
      • Tobacco smoke
      • Socioeconomic factors
      • Air pollution
      • Obesity
      • Respiratory infections
      • Indoor/outdoor allergens

    Phases of Allergic Response

      1. Sensitization
      1. Early phase reaction
      1. Late phase reaction
    • Early phase reaction subsides in 30-90 minutes
    • Late phase reaction occurs within 3-4 hours after decline in immediate reaction

    Drug Allergy

    • Immediate Reaction: evolves within the 1st hour of drug exposure (e.g., anaphylaxis, pruritis, urticaria, angioedema)
    • Accelerated Reaction: 1-72 hours (e.g., pruritis, urticaria, angioedema)
    • Delayed Reaction: > 72 hours (e.g., benign skin eruptions, fever, serum sickness-like reaction, systemic disorders)

    Hypersensitivity Reactions

    • Type I: immediate hypersensitivity reaction
    • Type II: antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
    • Type III: immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
    • Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction

    Anaphylaxis

    • 90% of patients will have urticaria and angioedema
    • 50% of patients will have Airway Complaints:
      • Shortness of breath
      • Wheezing
      • Dyspnea
    • ~50% of intravascular volume can be lost within 15 minutes
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Cutaneous: 85-90%
      • Respiratory: 45-50%
      • Hypotension, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis: 30-35%
      • Abdominal: 25-30%
      • Miscellaneous: 1-8%

    Treatment of Anaphylaxis

    • Call for help (911)
    • Epinephrine pen!!!!
    • High flow oxygen
    • Cardiac monitoring
    • IV access

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on allergies, risk factors, and phases of allergic response. Learn about the immune reaction, food allergies, and environmental factors that contribute to allergies.

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