Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in managing an anaphylactic reaction?
What is the first step in managing an anaphylactic reaction?
What is the recommended dose of IM epinephrine for anaphylaxis in children?
What is the recommended dose of IM epinephrine for anaphylaxis in children?
What should you do if a patient develops a cutaneous rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but has no other associated symptoms?
What should you do if a patient develops a cutaneous rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but has no other associated symptoms?
What are worrisome symptoms of anaphylaxis?
What are worrisome symptoms of anaphylaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended time interval for repeating IM epinephrine administration if necessary?
What is the recommended time interval for repeating IM epinephrine administration if necessary?
Signup and view all the answers
What should you do if a patient reports a rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but also has associated symptoms such as lip/facial swelling and shortness of breath?
What should you do if a patient reports a rash after taking prescribed pain medicine, but also has associated symptoms such as lip/facial swelling and shortness of breath?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the concentration of epinephrine in an EpiPen?
What is the concentration of epinephrine in an EpiPen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the time frame for an immediate reaction to evolve after drug exposure?
What is the time frame for an immediate reaction to evolve after drug exposure?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have urticaria and angioedema?
What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have urticaria and angioedema?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of a late phase reaction?
What is the characteristic of a late phase reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of an accelerated reaction?
What is the characteristic of an accelerated reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of a delayed reaction?
What is the characteristic of a delayed reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have airway complaints?
What percentage of patients with anaphylaxis will have airway complaints?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of children in the U.S. have a food allergy?
What percentage of children in the U.S. have a food allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people?
What is the most common immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a risk factor for allergy?
Which of the following is a risk factor for allergy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most consequential finding of anaphylaxis that causes decreased blood pressure, perfusion, and possible death?
What is the most consequential finding of anaphylaxis that causes decreased blood pressure, perfusion, and possible death?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most important treatment for anaphylaxis?
What is the most important treatment for anaphylaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which an immune response becomes sensitized to a particular substance?
What is the term for the process by which an immune response becomes sensitized to a particular substance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of allergy or anaphylaxis?
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of allergy or anaphylaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of anaphylaxis cases exhibit dyspnea or wheeze?
What percentage of anaphylaxis cases exhibit dyspnea or wheeze?
Signup and view all the answers
How much of intravascular volume can be lost within 15 minutes in anaphylaxis?
How much of intravascular volume can be lost within 15 minutes in anaphylaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom of anaphylaxis that affects the gastrointestinal system?
What is a common symptom of anaphylaxis that affects the gastrointestinal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Allergy and Anaphylaxis
- An allergy is an immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people.
- 8% of children in the U.S. have a food allergy.
Risk Factors for Allergy
- Asthma
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Environmental factors:
- Tobacco smoke
- Socioeconomic factors
- Air pollution
- Obesity
- Respiratory infections
- Indoor/outdoor allergens
Phases of Allergic Response
-
- Sensitization
-
- Early phase reaction
-
- Late phase reaction
- Early phase reaction subsides in 30-90 minutes
- Late phase reaction occurs within 3-4 hours after decline in immediate reaction
Drug Allergy
- Immediate Reaction: evolves within the 1st hour of drug exposure (e.g., anaphylaxis, pruritis, urticaria, angioedema)
- Accelerated Reaction: 1-72 hours (e.g., pruritis, urticaria, angioedema)
- Delayed Reaction: > 72 hours (e.g., benign skin eruptions, fever, serum sickness-like reaction, systemic disorders)
Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Type I: immediate hypersensitivity reaction
- Type II: antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
- Type III: immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
- Type IV: delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis
- 90% of patients will have urticaria and angioedema
- 50% of patients will have Airway Complaints:
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Dyspnea
- ~50% of intravascular volume can be lost within 15 minutes
- Signs and symptoms:
- Cutaneous: 85-90%
- Respiratory: 45-50%
- Hypotension, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis: 30-35%
- Abdominal: 25-30%
- Miscellaneous: 1-8%
Treatment of Anaphylaxis
- Call for help (911)
- Epinephrine pen!!!!
- High flow oxygen
- Cardiac monitoring
- IV access
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on allergies, risk factors, and phases of allergic response. Learn about the immune reaction, food allergies, and environmental factors that contribute to allergies.
