30 Questions
Where do allergic reactions most often occur?
Skin and in the airways and mucous membranes
What triggers allergies in some people?
Harmless substances like pollen and certain foods
What is a common allergen mentioned in the text?
Pollen
What is the most common cause of allergies as per the text?
Immune system malfunctioning
When do allergic symptoms become a real nuisance?
When they have a considerable impact on everyday life
What is mentioned as an example of a contact allergen in the text?
Metals or fragrance ingredients
What is the characteristic symptom of seasonal hay fever?
Runny nose and sneezing
What distinguishes dust mite allergies and pet allergies from seasonal hay fever?
They occur only at specific times of the year
What can trigger an anaphylactic reaction in some individuals?
Allergies to foods, insect venom, or certain medications
What is the medical term used to describe the tendency to have allergies running in families?
Atopy
What causes the first noticeable symptoms of seasonal hay fever?
Pollen in the air
What happens when the body's immune system reacts to certain foreign proteins (allergens) in allergic reactions?
It treats them like germs or foreign bodies
What are the typical symptoms of allergies mentioned in the text?
Runny nose, coughing, and sneezing
Which environmental factors may contribute to the development of allergies and related conditions such as asthma, according to the text?
Exposure to air pollution and cigarette smoke
Which type of drug-induced adverse reaction is assumed not to be predictable?
Type B
What is the estimated proportion of adverse drug reactions that represent drug hypersensitivity?
1 in 6
Which chemicals can interfere with the immune system and may lead to phenotypically unusual consequences according to the text?
All of the above
What is a rare consequence of drugs according to the text?
Both a and b
What are the common causes of side effects to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) according to the text?
Both allergic and non–immune-mediated reactions
What is the significance of the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune systems according to the text?
It combats infections and encounters new chemicals
Which internal organ can be affected by drug hypersensitivity reactions, as mentioned in the text?
Liver
What is the most prevalent cause of drug hypersensitivity reactions, according to the text?
Antibiotics
What factor is NOT associated with a higher risk of drug hypersensitivity, based on the text?
Atopy (genetic predisposition to mount an IgE response)
Which type of application of a drug increases the chance of sensitization, as stated in the text?
Epicutaneous application
What does the text suggest as a possible reason for the increased chance of sensitization with epicutaneous application of a drug?
Greater immune system activation in the skin
What is assumed about the ability of any drug to elicit hypersensitivity reactions, as per the text?
It is assumed that any drug is able to elicit hypersensitivity reactions
According to the text, what factor rarely contributes to the severity of clinical symptoms of drug hypersensitivity reactions?
Pharmacogenetic predisposition
What is NOT mentioned as a factor influencing the risk of sensitization and severity of clinical symptoms, based on the text?
Frequency of use
What factor is particularly associated with human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) alleles in relation to drug hypersensitivity reactions, as per the text?
State of immune activation of the individual
What is normally NOT associated with a higher risk of drug hypersensitivity, based on the text?
Atopy (genetic predisposition to mount an IgE response)
Test your knowledge about allergies and the body's immune system response to foreign substances. This quiz covers the causes, symptoms, and treatments for allergies.
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