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Questions and Answers
What triggers immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
Which type of cells primarily mediates delayed-type hypersensitivity?
What is a consequence of mismatched blood transfusions?
What role do monoclonal antibodies play in medical treatment?
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How are HLA antigens utilized in medical procedures?
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Study Notes
Allergies
- Allergies are caused by the release of IgE antibodies in response to antigens.
- Immediate hypersensitivity is triggered by allergens binding to IgE, which leads to the release of histamine. This causes rapid inflammation.
- Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
- Delayed-type hypersensitivity is mediated by T helper cells and macrophages. Symptoms develop 48 hours after a second exposure to the allergen.
Antibodies in Medical Treatment and Diagnosis
- Blood type is determined by the antigens present on red blood cells.
- The ABO blood group antigens, Rh factor antigens, and other factors determine blood type.
- HLA antigens help match tissues for organ transplantation.
- Transfusion reactions occur when mismatched blood types are transfused.
- Before the understanding of blood types, many people died from mismatched blood transfusions.
- Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific antibodies used in diagnosis and treatment.
- Monoclonal antibodies recognize a single epitope and are used for testing and developing immunotoxins.
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Description
This quiz covers the basic concepts of allergies, including immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis, and the role of antibodies in medical treatment and diagnosis. It explores how blood types are determined and the importance of monoclonal antibodies. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in immunology.
