Allergic Rhinitis Treatments Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism by which intranasal corticosteroids alleviate symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

Stimulating the nasal mucosa

Enhancing the histamine response

Increasing mucus production

Decreasing the influx of inflammatory cells (correct)

After how long is the peak effect of intranasal corticosteroids usually observed?

One to two hours

Immediate effect within minutes

Two to four weeks (correct)

Several days to weeks

Which of the following statements regarding the effectiveness of nasal corticosteroids is accurate?

They are more effective than both oral and intranasal antihistamines. (correct)

They are less effective than intranasal antihistamines.

They have no significant effect on allergic rhinitis symptoms.

They are equally effective as oral antihistamines.

Which intranasal corticosteroid is noted for having a pregnancy category B safety rating?

Budesonide (Rhinocort) Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects associated with the use of intranasal corticosteroids?

Headache and throat irritation Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the RCT regarding mometasone's effect on skeletal growth in children?

It showed no effect on growth rates. Signup and view all the answers

How do first-generation antihistamines differ from second-generation antihistamines in terms of adverse effects?

First-generation antihistamines have more lipid solubility. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antihistamines is noted for potentially causing sedation despite being a second-generation antihistamine?

Cetirizine Signup and view all the answers

What potential long-term effect is associated with the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children?

Suppressed growth. Signup and view all the answers

What was observed in the study with beclomethasone compared to placebo in terms of growth?

Beclomethasone group had suppressed growth rates. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the efficacy of antihistamines for treating nasal congestion compared to intranasal corticosteroids?

Antihistamines are slightly less effective than corticosteroids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected onset of action for most antihistamines?

15 to 30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What was the general finding regarding the short-term use of first- and second-generation antihistamines in a study of children?

No drowsiness or impaired school performance was noted. Signup and view all the answers

What impact do second-generation antihistamines have on nasal and ocular symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

They stabilize and control some symptoms but not nasal congestion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intranasal Corticosteroids

Mainstay treatment for allergic rhinitis
Reduce inflammation by decreasing inflammatory cell influx and inhibiting cytokine release
Onset of action is 30 minutes, peak effect in hours to days, maximum effectiveness after 2-4 weeks
More effective than oral and intranasal antihistamines in treating allergic rhinitis
Quality of life scores superior in nasal corticosteroid group compared to antihistamines
Adverse effects: headache, throat irritation, epistaxis, stinging, burning, and nasal dryness
Long-term use may restrict growth in children

Oral Antihistamines

First-generation antihistamines cause sedation, fatigue, and impaired mental status due to lipid solubility
Associated with poor school performance, impaired driving, and increased accidents
Second-generation antihistamines have better adverse-effect profile, less sedation (except for cetirizine)
More complex chemical structures decrease movement across blood-brain barrier, reducing central nervous system effects
Second-generation antihistamines stabilize and control nasal and ocular symptoms but have little effect on nasal congestion
Both first- and second-generation antihistamines are effective in relieving histamine-mediated symptoms (sneezing, pruritus, rhinorrhea, ocular symptoms) but less effective than intranasal corticosteroids in treating nasal congestion.

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Description

This quiz covers the key treatments for allergic rhinitis, focusing on intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines. Learn about their effectiveness, onset of action, adverse effects, and implications for quality of life. Identify the differences between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines.