Allergic Conjunctivitis Overview

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye.

A type of allergic conjunctivitis characterized by sudden onset and intense symptoms, typically resolving within a few hours.

A type of allergic conjunctivitis marked by recurring or persistent symptoms, lasting for weeks or months.

Swelling of the conjunctiva, often a sign of acute allergic conjunctivitis.

Small, vascular structures that appear as reddish bumps on the conjunctiva, commonly seen in recurrent/chronic allergic conjunctivitis.

Lymphatic structures that appear as translucent white or gray bumps, often found in children.

A condition that affects contact-lens wearers, causing giant papillae on the conjunctiva.

A type of allergic conjunctivitis characterized by its long-lasting nature and development of giant papillae.

Atopic individuals (with hayfever, asthma, eczema, eosinophilia) or those with a family history of atopy are susceptible to VKC.

The conjunctiva is inflamed, causing intense itching, tearing, burning, and sensitivity to light.

Inflammation affecting the palpebral conjunctiva, limbal conjunctiva, or cornea.

Inflammation of the cornea, potentially threatening vision. Examine the cornea for dullness, scarring, or staining with fluorescein.

The adult equivalent of VKC, characterized by chronic hypersensitivity to airborne allergens. Typical patient is male, with atopic dermatitis and a history of VKC.

Common in AKC, leading to corneal scarring and vascularization. Requires referral to an ophthalmologist.

Blepharitis, keratoconus, and cataract are associated with AKC, so assess for these conditions.

A condition where small white bumps (follicles) appear on the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye). It's a common sign of chlamydial conjunctivitis in adults.

An allergic reaction that affects the conjunctiva, causing redness, itching, and swelling. It's often associated with exposure to allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.

An allergic reaction to eye medications or preservatives added to them. It's usually caused by ingredients like neomycin or brimonidine.

A common type of allergic conjunctivitis triggered by pollen or other allergens, leading to itchy, red eyes, tearing, and often nasal congestion.

A mild inflammation of the conjunctiva with small, raised bumps (papillae) on the inner surface of the eyelid. It's often seen in allergic conjunctivitis.

Patch testing is useful for diagnosing recurrent seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, especially when non-ocular symptoms are present. However, it has a limited impact on severity, as most people can't avoid the allergen.

Simple measures, like irrigating the eyes with artificial tears or cool compresses, can provide relief for allergic conjunctivitis, especially in children with acute symptoms.

Levocabastine (Livostin) is effective for infrequent or predictable allergic conjunctivitis, used just before exposure or during an attack.

Topical sodium cromoglycate is a highly effective treatment for frequent allergic conjunctivitis but requires continuous use for three weeks to achieve full benefits.

Systemic antihistamines are often ineffective for isolated eye symptoms but can be helpful for non-ocular symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

Topical steroid therapy can be effective for allergic conjunctivitis but can lead to dependency and serious side effects, making it crucial to consult an ophthalmologist for its usage.

Avoidance of known allergens is essential for managing allergic conjunctivitis. This can involve identifying and avoiding specific triggers like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander.

Patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) should be referred to an ophthalmologist.

Sodium cromoglycate is a medication used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, but it takes three weeks to be effective.

Patients with decreased vision, even after using a pinhole, or signs of corneal involvement should be referred to an ophthalmologist.

A common symptom of viral conjunctivitis, causing tenderness and swelling in the area in front of the ears.

A hallmark of bacterial conjunctivitis, characterized by thick, pus-like discharge from the eye.

Strategies to minimize exposure to allergens that trigger allergic conjunctivitis.

Changing the environment where someone plays to reduce exposure to allergens, like moving away from grassy areas or dusty playgrounds.

Washing hands thoroughly after playing outside to remove allergens that might irritate the eyes.

Staying indoors when pollen or dust levels are high to minimize exposure to allergens.

Closing windows to prevent pollen and dust from entering the house.

Asking someone else to mow the lawn as a way to avoid exposure to pollen.

Removing plants from the home or yard that cause allergic reactions.

Using air conditioning to filter air and reduce allergens, or using air purifiers.