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Define ergot alkaloids and provide an example of a plant source from which they are derived.
Define ergot alkaloids and provide an example of a plant source from which they are derived.
Ergot alkaloids are a group of alkaloids derived from the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, which grows in the ovaries of various cereal grasses, particularly rye and wheat.
Explain the two main structural types of ergot alkaloids and provide examples of each type.
Explain the two main structural types of ergot alkaloids and provide examples of each type.
The two main structural types of ergot alkaloids are clavine type alkaloids and lysergic acid amides. An example of a clavine type alkaloid is ergonovine, and an example of a lysergic acid amide is ergotamine.
What is the difference between members related to lysergic acid and those related to isolysergic acid, in terms of activity and optical rotation?
What is the difference between members related to lysergic acid and those related to isolysergic acid, in terms of activity and optical rotation?
Members related to lysergic acid are levorotatory and more active, while members related to isolysergic acid are dextrorotatory and less active.
How are lysergic acid members converted to the corresponding isolysergic acid members?
How are lysergic acid members converted to the corresponding isolysergic acid members?
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What is the plant source and structural type of the alkaloid ergonovine?
What is the plant source and structural type of the alkaloid ergonovine?
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Which plant serves as the source for the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, which produces ergot alkaloids?
Which plant serves as the source for the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, which produces ergot alkaloids?
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Which type of ergot alkaloids are medicinally inactive due to the absence of a carboxylic group at C8?
Which type of ergot alkaloids are medicinally inactive due to the absence of a carboxylic group at C8?
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What is the suffix used for members related to lysergic acid, which are more active and levorotatory?
What is the suffix used for members related to lysergic acid, which are more active and levorotatory?
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How are lysergic acid members converted to the corresponding isolysergic acid members?
How are lysergic acid members converted to the corresponding isolysergic acid members?
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Which cereal grass serves as a host for the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, leading to the production of ergot alkaloids?
Which cereal grass serves as a host for the parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea, leading to the production of ergot alkaloids?
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Study Notes
Ergot Alkaloids Overview
- Ergot alkaloids are a group of compounds derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea, affecting cereals like rye.
- Example plant source: Rye (Secale cereale).
Structural Types of Ergot Alkaloids
- Two main structural types:
- Lysergic acid derivatives: Typically more active; include compounds like LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide).
- Isolysergic acid derivatives: Generally less active; derived from lysergic acid.
Activity and Optical Rotation Differences
- Members related to lysergic acid are more biologically active and have a positive optical rotation.
- Members related to isolysergic acid are less active and exhibit a negative optical rotation.
Conversion of Alkaloid Members
- Conversion from lysergic acid to isolysergic acid occurs through chemical modifications that alter their structure.
Specific Alkaloids
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Ergonovine:
- Plant source: Ergocristine derived from Claviceps purpurea.
- Structural type: Lysergic acid derivative, associated with physiological effects.
Claviceps purpurea and Host Plants
- Claviceps purpurea thrives on cereal grasses, particularly rye, producing ergot alkaloids.
Medicinally Inactive Ergot Alkaloids
- Alkaloids lacking a carboxylic group at carbon 8 (C8) are deemed medicinally inactive.
Specific Suffixes and Activity
- Compounds related to lysergic acid typically have the suffix -ergot and are noted for their levorotatory properties.
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Description
Test your knowledge of alkaloids with this quiz based on Dr. Hala M. Hammoda's Phytochemistry PPC303 lecture on Indole alkaloids. Identify alkaloids such as Ergot, Strychnos, Physostigma, Psilocin, Gelsemium, Vinca, Yohimbe, Harmala, and Rauwolfia alkaloids.
