Questions and Answers
Which of the following elements has the lowest melting point?
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of a new element through spectroscopy?
What is the atomic number of Francium?
Which element has the highest atomic number among the options?
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What is the mass number of Cesium?
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What is the effect of MnO2 on glass?
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What is the effect of Carbonic oxide hemoglobin on hemoglobin?
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What is the antidote for Carbonic oxide hemoglobin?
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What is the formula for glass?
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Who discovered silicon?
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What is the process of producing silica gel?
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What is the allotropic form of silica?
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What is the general trend of the degree of solvation of alkali metals with respect to atomic number?
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What is the effect of increasing atomic number on the reactivity of alkali metals?
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What is the characteristic appearance of crystalline or semi-metallic silicon?
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What is the process used to produce 99% pure hydrogen?
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What is the antidote for silicon toxicity?
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What is the use of lithium in air conditioners?
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What is another name for Polymeric Dimethyl Siloxane?
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What is the effect of overdose of lithium?
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What is the use of Attapulgite 'NHMAS'?
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What is the most common neurological side effect of lithium?
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What is the use of lithium bromide?
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What is the characteristic of Talc?
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What is Germanium also known as?
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What is the use of lithium carbonate?
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Why are alkali metals not found freely in nature?
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What is the use of Bentonite or Soap clay?
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What is the characteristic of Silicon Dioxide SiO2?
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What is the second lightest element in the universe?
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What is the primary use of Stannous Chloride?
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What is the common name of Lead Acetate?
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What is the main use of Titanium Dioxide?
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What is the name of the alloy composed of 80% Tin and 20% Antimony?
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What is the effect of UVA radiation on the skin?
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What is the use of Lead Monoxide?
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What is the common name of Plumber's Soldier?
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What is the use of Stannic Oxide?
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What is the effect of UVB radiation on the skin?
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What is the use of Goulard's Extract?
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Study Notes
Alkali Metals or Soluble Groups "ACTIVE ELEMENTS"
- Valence electron: 1
- Hydroxides and Oxides are STRONGLY BASIC
- SOFTER than most other metals
- Activity and Alkalinity increase with atomic number (↓A# = ↑Activity and Alkalinity)
- MOST REACTIVE metals, that DO NOT OCCUR FREELY in nature
- Degree of solvation (attract water) decrease with atomic number (↑A# = ↓Affinity/DS)
- React with HALOGEN to form SALTS
- React with OXYGEN and AIR forming BASIC OXIDES
- Hydrogen shares the same properties with alkali metal
Hydrogen
- Lightest Element
- HELIUM - 2nd Lightest Element
- Universe Most Abundant Element
- Density: 1 g/mL
- Method of preparation: LANE PROCESS and MESSERSCHMIDT PROCESS
- ISOTOPES of Hydrogen: PROTIUM (H2O), DEUTERIUM (D2O), and TRITIUM
- Named by: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
- Discovered by: Henry Cavendish
Lithium
- 3rd Lightest Element
- Lightest Metal
- Density: 0.534 g/mL - float in water
- Derived: “lithos” - Stones
- Discovered by: J.A Arfwedson
- Atomic Number: 3
- Melting Point: 186°C
- Mass Number: 7
- Compounds: Lithium Bromide (LiBr), Lithium Carbonate (Li2CO3)
- Use: Heat exchanger in aircon, CNS Depressant, Diuretic
Sodium or Natrium
- The cation of choice to optimize the pharmaceutical utility of organic medicaments
- Modification: CESIUM color: BLUE, RUBIDIUM color: RED, FRANCIUM
- Discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Silicon
- Glass: Na2(CO3) + Pure Silica
- Silica Gel Fume- Condensation of silica vapor
- Allotropic form: Silica gel - prepared by hydrolysis of inorganic or organic orthosilicates
- Amorphous silicon - Dark brown
- Crystalline or Semi-metallic silicon - Silvery octahedral crystals
- Toxicity: Silicosis - resembling TB symptoms that develops after long exposure
- Antidote: Alumina
- Compounds: Silicon Dioxide SiO2, Aluminum Silicates, Attapulgite ‘NHMAS’
Tin or Stannum
- Pharmacologic Action: Germicidal effect against Staphylococci
- Alloys of Tin: Babbitt, Gun Metal, Pewter Metal, Soldier, Plumber's Soldier, Rose Metal
- Compounds: Stannous Chloride (SnCl2), Stannous Fluoride (SnF2), Stannic Oxide (SnO2)
Lead or Plumbum
- Increase the Refractive Index of glass
- Source of poisoning: Lead Paints, Lead Batteries, Lead Pipes
- Toxicity: Plumbism
- Manifestation: Foot drop or Wrist drop, Burton line - blue line in gum with bluish-black edging to the teeth
- Antidote: EDTA and CaNa2 EDTA
- Compounds: Lead Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2, Lead Subacetate Pb3(C4H10O8), Lead Monoxide (PbO)
Titanium or "Titans" Sons of the Earth
- Use: Powerful Reducing agent
- UV Radiation: UVA, UVB, UVC
- Compound: Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Opacifying agent, Sunscreen
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Description
Learn about the properties of alkali metals, including their valence electrons, hydroxides, oxides, and reactivity. Understand how their activity and alkalinity increase with atomic number.
