Algorithms, Data Structures, and Programming

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of a functional programming paradigm?

A program controls a series of traffic lights by sequentially executing commands to change the light states.
A program calculates the total cost of items in a shopping cart by mapping a function over a list of item prices and then reducing the result using another function. (correct)
A program infers new facts from a knowledge base using logical rules and axioms.
A program manages employee records by creating 'Employee' objects with methods to update their attributes.

Considering the trade-offs in computer architecture, which design choice would most significantly improve the performance of a CPU-bound scientific simulation, at the expense of increased power consumption and manufacturing complexity?

Adding more cores to the CPU and optimizing the simulation code for parallel execution. (correct)
Increasing the clock speed of the CPU while maintaining the same core count.
Switching from dynamic RAM (DRAM) to static RAM (SRAM) for main memory.
Implementing a larger L1 cache with a lower latency.

In the context of operating systems, which of the following memory management strategies is most likely to cause external fragmentation?

Swapping, where entire processes are moved between main memory and secondary storage.
Segmentation, where memory is divided into variable-sized segments corresponding to logical program units. (correct)
Virtual memory, where processes are given the illusion of contiguous memory, which is mapped to physical memory.
Paging, where memory is divided into fixed-size blocks and processes are allocated these blocks.

When designing a database for a social network, which type of database would be most suitable for managing complex relationships between users (e.g., friends, followers, groups) and enabling efficient retrieval of interconnected data?

A graph database. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a network environment utilizing the TCP/IP model, which of the following scenarios would require the application of a custom protocol at the application layer, instead of relying on existing protocols like HTTP or FTP?

Implementing a real-time multiplayer online game with specific, low-latency communication requirements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fundamental limitation of machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning models, that poses a significant challenge in real-world applications?

Vulnerability to adversarial attacks and lack of robustness in unexpected scenarios. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During the software design phase of the SDLC, what is the primary rationale for employing design patterns?

To solve recurring design problems by using proven, reusable solutions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Theory of Computation, which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the implications of the Halting Problem?

It establishes the inherent limits of what can be computed, showing that there are problems for which no algorithm can be created to solve them in all cases. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When developing a virtual reality application, which technique is most critical for minimizing the potential for motion sickness and maximizing user immersion?

Ensuring a high frame rate and low latency between user actions and visual feedback. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Within the realm of computer security, what is the most significant challenge in defending against advanced persistent threats (APTs)?

The sophisticated and stealthy nature of APTs, which employ a combination of techniques to evade detection over extended periods. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Algorithms

Step-by-step procedures for solving problems.

Data Structures

Ways of organizing and storing data efficiently.