Algorithms and Data Structures Course

A set of steps or instructions used to solve a specific problem. It is a systematic and efficient method that can be executed in a finite amount of time and space.

A structured way of organizing data in a computer. It provides efficient storage and retrieval of information.

The process of defining specific properties of an object or concept and using them to create a simpler representation.

A way to represent a problem's solution in a simple and efficient manner. It is independent of any programming language.

A logical and unambiguous set of instructions that takes inputs and produces the desired outputs in a given time. It is a well-defined sequence of steps.

The characteristic of an algorithm that ensures it produces correct outputs for all valid inputs.

The characteristic of an algorithm that requires each step to be clear and unambiguous, without room for interpretation.

A finite sequence of steps that guarantees the algorithm will terminate after a set amount of time. There should be no infinite loops.

The characteristic of an algorithm that ensures it is a specific sequence of steps, not just any random list of instructions.

A computer program is an implementation of a specific algorithm in a particular programming language. Essentially, the program is a copy of the algorithm.

The process of evaluating and comparing algorithms to determine the most efficient one for a given problem.

A metric used to assess the efficiency of an algorithm based on the amount of computational time required to complete the task.

A metric used to assess the efficiency of an algorithm based on the amount of computer memory (space) it occupies during execution.

A method for calculating the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two natural numbers. It involves repeatedly replacing the larger number with the remainder of the smaller number divided by the larger number until the remainder is zero.

A method for calculating the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers by factorizing them into their prime factors and taking the product of common factors with the lowest exponents.

A method for calculating the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers by iteratively checking potential common divisors from the minimum value to one.

An approach that involves measuring an algorithm's real-world execution time, which is dependent on factors like hardware and input size. It is a less accurate way of assessing efficiency.

A mathematical concept that helps compare the growth rates of functions. It describes how the output of a function changes as the input size grows.

A data structure that stores a collection of elements in a contiguous block of memory, allowing direct access to elements using their index.

A data structure that represents a collection of elements, where each element is a record containing multiple fields or attributes.

A data structure that stores data in a linear sequence, with each element linked to the next one in the sequence.

A data structure that follows the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle. It allows adding and removing elements only from the top.

A data structure that follows the First-In, First-Out (FIFO) principle. It allows adding elements at the rear and removing them from the front.

A hierarchical data structure that represents a tree-like structure with a root node, branches, and leaves.

A data structure that consists of a set of nodes (vertices) and edges connecting them. It represents networks or relationships.

A data type that is defined abstractly, focusing on what actions can be performed on it (methods) rather than how it's physically implemented.

A specific implementation of an ADT, where data is organized in a concrete way within computer memory.

A group of data elements that share common traits and are organized in a specific way to fulfill a particular purpose.

The need for data structures arises from the complexity of modern applications. They help organize data efficiently, making programs more manageable.