Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary basis for determining the intensity of an earthquake using the Mercalli scale?
What is the primary basis for determining the intensity of an earthquake using the Mercalli scale?
- Observation of the damage caused by the earthquake. (correct)
- Direct measurement of ground acceleration.
- Calculation of the earthquake's magnitude using seismographs.
- Analysis of the frequency and amplitude of seismic waves.
Which of the following effects would most likely be associated with a higher intensity rating on the Mercalli scale?
Which of the following effects would most likely be associated with a higher intensity rating on the Mercalli scale?
- Brief disruption of electronic devices.
- Slight shaking felt by a few people.
- Minor displacement of small objects.
- Widespread collapse of structures and ground deformation. (correct)
At what level on the Mercalli scale do most people feel the earthquake and some windows break?
At what level on the Mercalli scale do most people feel the earthquake and some windows break?
- Level VIII
- Level VI
- Level IV (correct)
- Level II
Which of the following descriptions corresponds to level VII on the Mercalli scale?
Which of the following descriptions corresponds to level VII on the Mercalli scale?
What is a typical observation associated with level V on the Mercalli scale?
What is a typical observation associated with level V on the Mercalli scale?
Considering the progression of damage on the Mercalli scale, which of the following would likely occur earliest as earthquake intensity increases?
Considering the progression of damage on the Mercalli scale, which of the following would likely occur earliest as earthquake intensity increases?
If observers note that heavy furniture is moved, but only a few people run outside, what Mercalli intensity level is most probable?
If observers note that heavy furniture is moved, but only a few people run outside, what Mercalli intensity level is most probable?
Which of the following is most indicative of an earthquake reaching level XI on the Mercalli scale?
Which of the following is most indicative of an earthquake reaching level XI on the Mercalli scale?
An earthquake is strong enough to bend railroad rails. Based on this observation, what is the minimum intensity on the Mercalli scale that the earthquake likely reached?
An earthquake is strong enough to bend railroad rails. Based on this observation, what is the minimum intensity on the Mercalli scale that the earthquake likely reached?
If an earthquake causes the ground to crack significantly and underground pipelines to break, which level is it most likely to be on the Mercalli scale?
If an earthquake causes the ground to crack significantly and underground pipelines to break, which level is it most likely to be on the Mercalli scale?
How does the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale differ from the original Mercalli scale?
How does the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale differ from the original Mercalli scale?
In comparing earthquakes, what critical distinction does the Mercalli scale offer versus magnitude scales like Richter?
In comparing earthquakes, what critical distinction does the Mercalli scale offer versus magnitude scales like Richter?
If an earthquake occurs in a sparsely populated area and causes very little structural damage, what would be the limitation of using the Mercalli scale to assess its intensity?
If an earthquake occurs in a sparsely populated area and causes very little structural damage, what would be the limitation of using the Mercalli scale to assess its intensity?
Considering that the Mercalli scale is based on observed effects, why might its assessment of earthquake intensity vary between two locations equidistant from the epicenter?
Considering that the Mercalli scale is based on observed effects, why might its assessment of earthquake intensity vary between two locations equidistant from the epicenter?
How is the Mercalli scale useful for understanding historical earthquakes for which instrumental measurements are unavailable?
How is the Mercalli scale useful for understanding historical earthquakes for which instrumental measurements are unavailable?
What is a notable limitation of using the Mercalli scale to compare the severity of earthquakes across different regions with varying building standards?
What is a notable limitation of using the Mercalli scale to compare the severity of earthquakes across different regions with varying building standards?
Imagine an earthquake occurs with sufficient magnitude to cause widespread damage; however, local building codes required earthquake-resistant construction. How would this impact the Mercalli scale reading?
Imagine an earthquake occurs with sufficient magnitude to cause widespread damage; however, local building codes required earthquake-resistant construction. How would this impact the Mercalli scale reading?
An earthquake causes significant damage to poorly constructed buildings in one city, while another city with earthquake-resistant buildings experiences only minor damage. Which statement best describes the Mercalli scale intensities in these two cities?
An earthquake causes significant damage to poorly constructed buildings in one city, while another city with earthquake-resistant buildings experiences only minor damage. Which statement best describes the Mercalli scale intensities in these two cities?
How does the Mercalli scale reflect the societal impact of an earthquake, beyond just physical damage?
How does the Mercalli scale reflect the societal impact of an earthquake, beyond just physical damage?
An earthquake is assigned a low magnitude on the Richter scale but causes significant damage in an area with old, poorly constructed buildings. What would you expect the Mercalli scale intensity to be in that area?
An earthquake is assigned a low magnitude on the Richter scale but causes significant damage in an area with old, poorly constructed buildings. What would you expect the Mercalli scale intensity to be in that area?
Flashcards
Mercalli Scale
Mercalli Scale
Based on observing earthquake damage, it uses 'degrees of intensity'. Created in 1902 and later modified.
I Degree (Mercalli)
I Degree (Mercalli)
Very few people feel it.
III Degree (Mercalli)
III Degree (Mercalli)
Some people feel it; slight vibration like heavy vehicles passing.
IV Degree (Mercalli)
IV Degree (Mercalli)
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V Degree (Mercalli)
V Degree (Mercalli)
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VI Degree (Mercalli)
VI Degree (Mercalli)
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VII Degree (Mercalli)
VII Degree (Mercalli)
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VIII Degree (Mercalli)
VIII Degree (Mercalli)
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IX Degree (Mercalli)
IX Degree (Mercalli)
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X Degree (Mercalli)
X Degree (Mercalli)
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XI Degree (Mercalli)
XI Degree (Mercalli)
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XII Degree (Mercalli)
XII Degree (Mercalli)
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Study Notes
- Algorithmic trading is also known as automated trading or black-box trading.
- It uses computer programs with algorithms to place trades based on price, time, quantity, or mathematical models.
- Algorithmic trading is claimed to make markets more liquid and efficient.
Algorithmic Trading Example
- A simple algorithmic trading strategy involves buying a stock when its 50-day moving average exceeds its 200-day moving average.
- Conversely, sell the stock when its 50-day moving average falls below its 200-day moving average.
How Algorithmic Trading Works
- Strategy identification involves spotting a potentially profitable trading approach.
- Algorithm development involves creating an automated system to implement the trading strategy.
- Backtesting involves evaluating the algorithm's profitability using historical data.
- Real-time Implementation involves connecting the algorithm to a brokerage account for automated trade execution.
Types of Algorithmic Trading Strategies
- Trend Following Strategies identify market trends and trade in their direction.
- Mean Reversion Strategies identify assets deviating from their mean and trade in the opposite direction.
- Arbitrage Strategies capitalize on price differences for the same asset across different markets.
High-Frequency Trading (HFT)
- This is a subset of algorithmic trading that is defined by high speed, high turnover rates, and high order-to-trade ratios.
- It uses algorithms to exploit small price discrepancies in the market.
Advantages of Algorithmic Trading
- It executes trades faster than human traders.
- It reduces transaction costs by automating the process.
- It improves accuracy by reducing human error.
- It increases efficiency because it can monitor the market 24/7.
Disadvantages of Algorithmic Trading
- It is susceptible to technical issues.
- It can exacerbate market volatility.
- It requires specialized knowledge and skills.
- There is a risk of over-optimizing trading strategies.
Algorithmic Trading Profitability
- It can be profitable but is not a guaranteed way to make money.
- Success requires knowledge, skill, and resources.
- Thorough backtesting is essential to understand involved risks.
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