Podcast
Questions and Answers
The sense of smell resides in the ______ since that is where the chemoreceptors that react to chemical substances present in the inhaled air are found.
The sense of smell resides in the ______ since that is where the chemoreceptors that react to chemical substances present in the inhaled air are found.
nose
The olfactory receptors, or olfactory cells, are located in the olfactory ______, which is situated in the upper and posterior part of the nasal cavity.
The olfactory receptors, or olfactory cells, are located in the olfactory ______, which is situated in the upper and posterior part of the nasal cavity.
epithelium
The nose is a pyramidal-shaped structure located in the ______ part of the face.
The nose is a pyramidal-shaped structure located in the ______ part of the face.
central
The nose is formed internally and externally by various bones: the ethmoid, the sphenoid, the nasal bones, palatine bones, superior maxillary bones, and the ______.
The nose is formed internally and externally by various bones: the ethmoid, the sphenoid, the nasal bones, palatine bones, superior maxillary bones, and the ______.
Inside, the nose consists of two cavities called nasal ______, which communicate with the environment through two openings.
Inside, the nose consists of two cavities called nasal ______, which communicate with the environment through two openings.
Basically, four flavors are recognized: sweet, salty, sour, and ______, and umami.
Basically, four flavors are recognized: sweet, salty, sour, and ______, and umami.
The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal and lingual nerves, which have gustatory function, and by the hypoglossal nerves, responsible for tongue ______.
The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal and lingual nerves, which have gustatory function, and by the hypoglossal nerves, responsible for tongue ______.
The caliciform papillae perceive the ______ taste in the posterior part of the tongue forming the lingual V.
The caliciform papillae perceive the ______ taste in the posterior part of the tongue forming the lingual V.
The fungiform papillae perceive sweet, salty, sour, and ______ tastes in all lingual mucosa, especially on the tip of the tongue.
The fungiform papillae perceive sweet, salty, sour, and ______ tastes in all lingual mucosa, especially on the tip of the tongue.
The filiform papillae have a conical shape and are related to tactile and ______ related functions on all the tongue surface.
The filiform papillae have a conical shape and are related to tactile and ______ related functions on all the tongue surface.
The sense of taste is located in the tongue, an organ that also performs other functions such as swallowing and ______.
The sense of taste is located in the tongue, an organ that also performs other functions such as swallowing and ______.
The taste organs are structures in the shape of buds located predominantly on the tongue and the ______.
The taste organs are structures in the shape of buds located predominantly on the tongue and the ______.
For taste to be stimulated by a substance, it must be ______.
For taste to be stimulated by a substance, it must be ______.
Taste buds are oval bodies that contain taste cells inside that make contact with the ______.
Taste buds are oval bodies that contain taste cells inside that make contact with the ______.
The olfactory bulb receives direct input from olfactory ______ located in the nasal cavity.
The olfactory bulb receives direct input from olfactory ______ located in the nasal cavity.
The process by which olfactory information leads to emotional responses involves direct projections to the ______ system.
The process by which olfactory information leads to emotional responses involves direct projections to the ______ system.
In individuals with anosmia, the ability to perceive most odors is severely impaired due to damage to olfactory ______.
In individuals with anosmia, the ability to perceive most odors is severely impaired due to damage to olfactory ______.
The sensation of taste, unlike smell, requires that the stimulating molecules be dissolved in ______ before they can activate the taste receptors.
The sensation of taste, unlike smell, requires that the stimulating molecules be dissolved in ______ before they can activate the taste receptors.
The flavor we perceive when eating is a complex integration of both taste and ______ stimuli.
The flavor we perceive when eating is a complex integration of both taste and ______ stimuli.
The gustatory pathway involves cranial nerves that transmit sensory information from taste buds to the ______ cortex in the brain.
The gustatory pathway involves cranial nerves that transmit sensory information from taste buds to the ______ cortex in the brain.
Flashcards
Sense of smell location
Sense of smell location
The sense of smell resides in the nose, where chemoreceptors react to chemical substances in the inhaled air.
Location of Olfactory Receptors
Location of Olfactory Receptors
Smell receptors, or olfactory cells, are located in the olfactory epithelium, situated towards the upper and posterior part of the nasal cavity.
Nose Structure
Nose Structure
A pyramidal-shaped structure located in the central part of the face.
Nasal Cavities
Nasal Cavities
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Basic Tastes
Basic Tastes
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Tongue Innervation
Tongue Innervation
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Taste Location
Taste Location
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Taste Buds
Taste Buds
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Taste Buds composition
Taste Buds composition
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Solubility for Taste
Solubility for Taste
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Circumvallate Papillae
Circumvallate Papillae
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Fungiform Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
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Filiform Papillae
Filiform Papillae
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Study Notes
Algorithmic Trading
- Algorithmic trading executes orders using automated, pre-programmed instructions.
- Variables accounted for include: Price, Timing, and Volume.
- Other names: Automated trading, Black-box trading, Algo-trading, and Robotrading.
Types of Algorithmic Trading Strategies
- Trend Following Strategies seek to capitalize on market trends.
- Arbitrage Opportunities aim to profit from price differences in different markets.
- Index Fund Rebalancing involves adjusting portfolio weights to match an index.
- Mathematical Model-Based Strategies use quantitative models to make trading decisions.
- Execution Algorithms are designed to minimize transaction costs and market impact.
Advantages of Algorithmic Trading
- Trades are executed at the best possible prices, timing and speed.
- It reduces transaction costs.
- Reduces the possibility of manual errors.
- It allows for simultaneous automated checks on multiple market conditions.
Disadvantages of Algorithmic Trading
- System Failure can disrupt trading operations.
- Technology Lags may result in slower execution speeds.
- Requires Monitoring to ensure proper functioning.
- Mechanical Disorder due to hardware or software malfunctions.
- Unexpected Outcomes arise from unforeseen market events.
Important Terminologies
- Back Testing: Strategy evaluation using historical data.
- Latency: Delay between order placement and execution.
- Market Impact: Trader's influence on asset prices.
- Slippage: Difference between expected and actual trade price.
- Quantitative Analysis: Use of math and statistics for financial data analysis.
- Statistical Arbitrage: Exploiting temporary price discrepancies with statistical models.
- Mean Reversion: Theory that asset prices revert to their average value.
- Pairs Trading: Taking opposite positions in correlated assets when prices diverge.
- High-Frequency Trading (HFT): Algorithmic trading with high speeds and turnover.
- Dark Pools: Private exchanges not accessible to the general public.
Algorithmic Complexity
- Algorithmic complexity measures time and space resources required by an algorithm.
- Time Complexity: Time taken by an algorithm as a function of input length.
- Space Complexity: Space taken by an algorithm as a function of input length.
- Algorithmic complexity is generally expressed using Big O notation.
Big O Notation
- Big O notation describes the limiting behavior of a function.
- In computer science, Big O classifies algorithms by how their time or space needs grow with input size.
Commonly used Big O notations
- O(1): Constant complexity.
- O(log n): Logarithmic complexity.
- O(n): Linear complexity.
- O(n log n): Log Linear complexity.
- O(n^2): Quadratic complexity.
- O(n^3): Cubic complexity.
- O(2^n): Exponential complexity.
- O(n!): Factorial/Terrible complexity.
Resumen Ejecutivo (Executive Summary)
Introducción (Introduction)
- "Mi Dulce CompañÃa" is focused on producing and selling high-quality artisan breads with natural ingredients and innovative recipes.
- Primary objective: Lead the local market by offering unique products that satisfy consumers seeking an exceptional gastronomic experience.
Oportunidad de Mercado (Market Opportunity)
- Growing demand for artisan and healthy food products.
- Consumers want to know where the ingredients come from and prefer to support local companies.
- Breads are made with sourdough, whole wheat flours, and organic seeds, without preservatives or artificial additives.
Descripción de la Empresa (Company Description)
- "Mi Dulce CompañÃa" is a recently established company formed by professionals passionate about artisan baking.
- The mission is to offer high-quality products made with natural ingredients and innovative recipes, delighting customers and contributing to their well-being.
Productos y Servicios (Products and Services)
- Wide variety of artisan breads available.
- Pan de masa madre: Sourdough bread.
- Pan integral con semillas: Whole wheat bread with seeds.
- Pan de centeno: Rye bread.
- Pan de espelta: Spelt bread.
- Pan dulce artesanal: Artisan sweet bread.
- Catering service for special events.
Estrategia de Marketing (Marketing Strategy)
- Calidad del producto: High-quality artisan breads with natural ingredients and innovative recipes.
- Atención al cliente: Personalized and friendly service.
- Promoción: Use of social media, local advertising, and gastronomic events.
- Distribución: Sales through a physical store, website, and specialty shops.
Proyección Financiera (Financial Projection)
- Estimated revenue of $50,000 in the first year with an annual growth of 15% over the next five years.
- Initial investment: $20,000 for equipment, facility adaptation, and staffing.
- Investment recovery is expected within three years.
Conclusión (Conclusion)
- "Mi Dulce CompañÃa" has the potential to become a market leader in the artisan bakery sector.
- Differentiation is brought about through product quality, customer service, and innovation, satisfying consumer demands for an exceptional gastronomic experience.
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