الجموعة الشمسية: The Solar System

الجموعة الشمسية (The Solar System)

Definition

الجموعة الشمسية is a collection of celestial objects that orbit around the Sun, including eight planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other smaller bodies.

The Sun

• The center of the solar system
• A massive ball of hot, glowing gas
• Makes up 99.8% of the total mass of the solar system

The Eight Planets

1. Mercury: smallest planet, closest to the Sun
2. Venus: hottest planet, thick atmosphere
3. Earth: third planet from the Sun, home to diverse life forms
4. Mars: fourth planet from the Sun, rocky terrain
5. Jupiter: largest planet, gas giant
6. Saturn: sixth planet from the Sun, ring system
7. Uranus: seventh planet from the Sun, tilted axis
8. Neptune: eighth planet from the Sun, farthest from the Sun

Dwarf Planets

• Pluto: formerly considered the ninth planet, now classified as a dwarf planet
• Eris: similar in size to Pluto, highly eccentric orbit
• Ceres: largest object in the asteroid belt, now classified as a dwarf planet

Other Components

• Asteroids: small rocky objects, mostly found in the asteroid belt
• Comets: icy bodies that release gas and dust when approaching the Sun
• Kuiper Belt: region of icy bodies and other small celestial objects beyond Neptune
• Oort Cloud: distant, spherical shell of icy bodies surrounding the solar system