Algebra Class: Indices and Logarithms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following expressions is equivalent to $(4 - 3)(6 + 2)$?

  • 5
  • 4
  • 18 (correct)
  • 1

What is the result of the expression $5(3 - 2)$?

  • 10
  • 5 (correct)
  • 2
  • 15

If $p = 3$ and $q = -13$, what is the result of $p + q$?

  • 0
  • -3
  • 16
  • -10 (correct)

What is the output of the expression $(x + 9)(x^2 - 3x + 2)$ when $x = 1$?

<p>10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following results corresponds to $3^{2} + 2^{3} + 30 = ?$?

<p>26 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of $x$ in the equation $(x - 2)(x + 2)(2x + 1) = 0$?

<p>2 (C), -2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the degree of the polynomial $x^4 + ax^3 + 5x^2 + x + 3$?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the value from the expression $(2a + b)^{2}$ when $a = 1$ and $b = 2$.

<p>9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the equation $3x - 4 = 0$, what is the value of $x$?

<p>4/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which identity will help in simplifying $ ext{log}_2(x - 2y) = 5$?

<p>Exponentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $f(x) = x^4 - 3x^3 + 2x^2 + 5x - 1$, what is the value of $f(2)$?

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dividing polynomial $x^4 + ax^3 + 5x^2 + x + 3$ by $x^2 + 4$, what would you expect to obtain?

<p>Quotient and remainder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the equation $P(x) = (x - c)Q(x) + R(x)$, what does $R(x)$ represent?

<p>The remainder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression represents the sum of logarithms: $2 ext{log}{36} 2 + ext{log}{36} 3$?

<p>Logarithmic multiplication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected when evaluating $g(0)$ for $g(x) = 4x^5 - 3x^3 + 2x + 1$?

<p>The constant term (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value for $A$ can be determined from the equation $x^4 + x^2 + x + 1 hickapprox (x^2 + A)(x^2 - 1) + Bx + C$?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct expression for the decomposition of $(x^2 + 3x)$?

<p>$(x)(x + 3)$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a valid operation involving quotients?

<p>Quotient: $2x - 5$, Remainder: $5$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option corresponds to a valid expression for factoring the polynomial $x^2 - x + 1$?

<p>$(x + 1)^2 - 2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of $a^m \cdot a^n$?

<p>$a^{m+n}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $a^m = b^n$, what can be concluded about $\frac{a^m}{b^n}$?

<p>$1$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the degree of the polynomial $2x^2 - 5 + 2$?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula represents the logarithmic identity for $\log_a (xy)$?

<p>$\log_a x + \log_a y$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression correctly factors $x^3 + 3x$?

<p>$(x)(x^2 + 3)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of $\log_a 1$?

<p>$0$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which expression is equivalent to $\log_a (x/y)$?

<p>$\log_a x - \log_a y$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $p$ and $q$ are rational numbers and $a, b$ are positive real numbers, which of the following is correct for $\left(\frac{a^p}{b^q}\right)^m$?

<p>$\frac{a^{mp}}{b^{mq}}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For polynomials, which of the following terms represents the remainder in polynomial long division?

<p>$r(x)$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct statement about surds?

<p>$\sqrt[n]{a} = a^{1/n}$ (C), $\sqrt[n]{a^m} = a^{m/n}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the expression $a^m \div a^n$ simplify to?

<p>$a^{m-n}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of logarithms does the equation $\log_a a = 1$ illustrate?

<p>Identity property (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct transformation of the equation $3 ext{log}_2 + 2 ext{log} 5 - ext{log} 20$?

<p>$ ext{log} rac{3^3 imes 5^2}{20}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $x = ext{log} y z$, $y = ext{log} z x$, and $z = ext{log} x y$, what can be concluded about the values of $x$, $y$, and $z$?

<p>The product $xyz = 1$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of evaluating $( ext{log}_3 m)( ext{log}_m 81)$?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the equation $3 ext{log}_c a - 2 ext{log}_c b + 1$, what can be inferred about the value it represents?

<p>It equals $ ext{log}_c rac{a^3}{b^2}$. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the equation $ ext{log}_{10}(x - y + 1) = 0$ is given, what does it imply about the variable $x$?

<p>$x - y + 1 = 1$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the expression $ ext{log}_{16}(xy)$ be rewritten?

<p>$ ext{log}_4 x + ext{log}_4 y$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the equation $6x + 1 = 18$, what is the value of $x$?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the equation $ ext{log}_3(x + 2) = ext{log}_9(6x + 4)$, how is it simplified?

<p>$ ext{log}_3(x + 2) = rac{1}{2} ext{log}_3(6x + 4)$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indices

  • Basic Rules:
    • a^m * a^n = a^(m+n)
    • (a^m)^n = a^(m*n) = (a^n)^m
    • (ab)^m = a^m * b^m
    • (a/b)^m = a^m / b^m
    • (a^p * a^q)^m= a^(pm) * a^(qm)
    • a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)
    • (a^p / b^q)^m = a^(pm) / b^(qm)
    • (a/b)^(-m) = (b/a)^m
  • Surds Theorem
    • √m(b^n) = (√m b)^n = (√n b)^m = b^(n/m)
    • √n(ab) = √n( a) * √n(b)
    • √n(a^m) = a^(m/n)
    • a^(n/m) = √m(a^n)
    • √n(a/b) = √n(a) / √n(b)
  • Logarithms Theorem
    • a^y = x, therefore y = log(a)x
    • log(a) xy = log(a) x + log(a) y
    • log(a) x^c = c * log(a) x
    • log(a) (x / y) = log(a) x - log(a) y
    • log(a) 1 = 0
    • log(a) a = 1
    • a^(log(a) x) = x
    • log(b) N / log(a) N = log(b) a
    • log(b) a = 1 / log(a) b

Polynomials

  • P(x) = Q(x)D(x) + r(x)
    • Q(x) = quotient
    • D(x) = divisor
    • r(x) = remainder

Examples

  • Evaluate (log3m)(logm81)
    • Simplify 81 as 3^4
    • Apply log(a)a = 1 to simplify log(m) 81 = log(m) (3^4) = 4
    • Answer = 4log(3)(m)
  • Solve log(x) 8 = 1.5
    • Write 1.5 as 3/2
    • x^(3/2) = 8
    • x = 8^(2/3)
    • x = 4
  • Simplify a. 3log2 + 2log5 - log20
    • 3 log(2) + 2log(5) - log(20)
    • Apply log(a) xy = log(a) x + log(a) y and log(a) (x / y) = log(a) x - log(a) y
    • log(2^3) + log(5^2) - log(20)
    • log (8 * 25 / 20) = log(10) = 1
  • Show that log(bc) a = 5 log(c) a / 1 + log(c) b
    • Apply log(a) a = 1 to simplify log(bc) a = log(c) a / log(c) bc
    • Apply log(a) xy = log(a) x + log(a) y to simplify log(c) bc = log(c) b + log(c) c = 1+log(c) b
    • log(bc)a = log(c)a / 1 + log(c)b
  • Solve the simultaneous equations:
    • log(2) (x-2y) = 5; log(2) x - log(4) y = 4
    • Simplify log(4) y = log(2^2) y = 2log(2) y
    • The equations are then: log(2)(x-2y) = 5; log(2)x - 2log(2)y = 4
    • Solve as simultaneous linear equations in log(2)x and log(2)y
    • log(2)x = 6; log(2)y = 1
    • Calculate the solutions for x and y from log(2)x and log(2)y
    • The solutions are x = 64, y = 2

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Test your understanding of indices, surds, and logarithms with this quiz. Explore the basic rules and theorems related to these essential algebraic concepts. Challenge yourself with examples and evaluate logarithmic expressions.

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