Algae Classification

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Questions and Answers

Which classification system of algae primarily uses phylogeny to define phyla?

  • Chapman's system that focuses on pigments, morphology, and biochemistry.
  • G.E. Papenfuss's system that recognizes 8 phyla. (correct)
  • G.M. Smith's modified Pascher classification.
  • Christensen's system, emphasizing cell structure.

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to be considered when distinguishing algal groups?

  • The structure of flagella, including scales and insertion angles.
  • The process of cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).
  • The type of cell covering present.
  • The surrounding environmental temperature. (correct)

Which feature is a shared characteristic of Chlorophyceae?

  • Presence of phycobiliproteins
  • Presence of chlorophylls a and b (correct)
  • Mitochondria with tubular cristae
  • Storage of starch outside the chloroplast

Which cellular feature is characteristic of Chlorophyta?

<p>Mitochondria possessing flattened cristae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes sexual reproduction in Chlorophyceae?

<p>It encompasses isogamous, anisogamous, and oogamous methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates Charophyceae from other classes of green algae?

<p>Unicellular, filamentous, colonial, multicellular growth forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genus is classified within the class Pleurastrophyceae?

<p>Tetraselmis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ecological characteristic is most representative of the class Prasinophyceae?

<p>Primarily marine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genera belongs to the class Ulvophyceae?

<p>Caulerpa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of the Division Chromophyta?

<p>Storage of beta-1,3-linked polysaccharide outside the chloroplast. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes centric diatoms from pennate diatoms?

<p>Valves of centric diatoms display radial symmetry. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecological role is particularly significant for species in the class Bacillariophyceae?

<p>Primary producers in aquatic ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes the class Bicosoecaeae?

<p>Colourless flagellate cells inside vase-shaped loricas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shared characteristic defines the class Chrysophyceae, also known as golden algae?

<p>Production of silica cysts (statospores) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key feature of the class Dictyochophyceae?

<p>They are marine flagellates with skeletons common in diatomite deposits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of the flagella in species belonging to the Order Pedinellales?

<p>They are attached almost directly to the nucleus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of siliceous skeletons in Dictyochales?

<p>To act as spiny baskets enclosing cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is notable in the class Eustigmatophyceae?

<p>The presence of one or more yellow-green chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which algal class is characterized by having a hairlike appendage called a haptonema between two flagella?

<p>Prymnesiophyceae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do coccolithophorids play concerning global warming?

<p>They can remove large amounts of carbon from the ocean water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature is characteristic of Raphidophyceae (Chloromonadophyceae)?

<p>Cells covered with elaborately structured silica scales. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class includes algae with species such as Tribonema and Vaucheria?

<p>Xantophyceae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description applies to Division Cryptophyta?

<p>Unicellular flagellates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is characteristic of photosynthetic species within Division Rhodophyta?

<p>Chlorophyll d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key structural component associated with phycobiliproteins in Rhodophyta (red algae)?

<p>Phycobilisomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rhodophyta contribute significantly to which marine ecosystem?

<p>Coral reefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a unique aspect of Division Dinoflagellata (Pyrrophyta)?

<p>Taxonomy is contentious. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cellulosic plates in many dinoflagellates?

<p>They form an armour around the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the nucleus in resting (interphase) dinoflagellates?

<p>The nucleus contains permanently condensed chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared feature for algae in Division Euglenophyta?

<p>Unicellular flagellates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nutrient storage is characteristic of Class Euglenophyceae?

<p>Paramylon stored outside chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature characterizes the mitochondria of Euglenophyceae?

<p>Paddle-shaped cristae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist to their contribution to algal classification: Vaucher

<p>Proposed a new system of classification: Conferves, I=Ulves, Tremelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist to their contribution to algal classification: Link and Brown

<p>Classified algae based on color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientist to their contribution to algal classification: Agardh

<p>Divided algae into 6 orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of Fritsch's algal classes does NOT belong?

<p>Schizophyceae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of Tilden's classification criterion does NOT belong?

<p>Lifestyles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chapman and Chapman (1973) divide algae into?

<p>Into prokaryote and eukaryote (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are algae?

A group of photosynthetic organisms, classified into different divisions and classes based on various criteria.

Who was Pascher?

Proposed a classification system of algae based on phylogeny and interrelationships.

Who was G.M. Smith?

Modified Pascher's classification, dividing algae into 7 divisions and further into classes.

Who was Prescott?

Classified algae based on cell structure along with pigments, cell wall, and reserve food material.

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What are flagellate structures?

Structure of scales, angle of flagellar insertion, microtubular roots, and striated roots in flagellates.

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What is Chlorophyta?

Division of green algae, characterized by chlorophylls a and b, starch storage, and specific mitochondrial structure.

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What is Chlorophyceae?

Primarily freshwater class within Chlorophyta, including genera like Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Volvox.

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What are the different body forms for Chlorophyceae?

The body may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous, or multicellular.

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What is Isogamous reproduction?

Sexual reproduction where gametes are similar in size and morphology.

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What is Anisogamous reproduction?

Sexual reproduction where gametes differ in appearance.

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What is Charophyceae?

Class including macroscopic stoneworts, filamentous Spirogyra, and unicellular desmids.

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What is Pleurastrophyceae?

Freshwater and marine class, including marine flagellate Tetraselmis.

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What is Prasinophyceae?

Class that is paraphyletic and primarily marine, including Mircomonas and Ostreococcus.

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What is Ulvophyceae?

Primarily marine class including Acetabularia, Caulerpa, Monostroma, and sea lettuce.

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What is Chromophyta?

Division characterized by chlorophyll a, chlorophyllide c, carotenoids, and specific storage products.

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What is Bacillariophyceae?

Class with silica cell walls, centric and pennate diatoms, and planktonic species.

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What is Bicosoecaeae?

Class that includes colorless flagellate cells in vase-shaped loricas.

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What is Chrysophyceae?

Class also known as golden algae, includes unicellular or colonial flagellates, and produces silica cysts.

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What is Dictyochophyceae?

Class that is predominantly marine flagellates with skeletons common in diatomite deposits.

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What are Pedinellales?

Order of flagellates with 6 chloroplasts in a radial arrangement.

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What are Dictyochales?

Order characterized by siliceous skeletons, flagella bases attached to the nucleus, includes Dictyocha.

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What is Eustigmatophyceae?

Class of mostly small, pale green, spherical algae with yellow-green chloroplasts.

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What is Prymnesiophyceae?

Class of primarily marine algae with haptonema, organic scales, and produce coccoliths.

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What is Raphidophyceae?

Class includes silica-scaled unicellular or colonial flagellates, cells covered with elaborated silica scales.

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What is Mitosis?

Cell division using microtubules

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What is Cytokinesis?

Cell division of the cytoplasm

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What is Xanthophyceae?

division consisting of a variety of unicellular flagellates, most with freshwater habitats.

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What is Cryptophyta?

division is comprised of unicellular flagellates

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What is Rhodophyta?

division whose members are predominantly filamentous

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What is Dinoflagellata?

characterized by a distinctive endosymbiotic event resulting in distinctive pigments.

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What is Euglenophyta?

This division exhibits significant diversity in their characteristics while sharing key traits.

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Is algal taxonomy absolute?

The classification of algae is a complex and dynamic field.

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