Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Chemistry Quiz

Carbonyl Compounds

• General term for compounds with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom and one alkyl or aryl group is aldehydes.
• If the carbonyl group is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups with no hydrogen, it is referred to as a ketone.

Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones

• The reaction involving the self-condensation of an aldehyde or ketone, followed by dehydration, produces α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
• This reaction is commonly known as aldol condensation.

Special Reactions of Aldehydes

• When an aldehyde undergoes simultaneous self-oxidation and reduction in the presence of concentrated alkali, it leads to the formation of a geminal diol or hydrate.

Functional Groups in Organic Compounds

• Acid chlorides are characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) combined with a chlorine atom (Cl).
• This functional group is absent in esters and amides, which contain carbonyl groups bonded to other groups (like alkoxides in esters or amine groups in amides) instead of a chlorine atom.

Test your knowledge of IUPAC nomenclature, general chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones including Aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction, and carboxylic acids and their derivatives such as esters, acid chlorides, and amides. Explore the acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions, and other chemical properties of carboxylic acids in this quiz.