الضبط الاجتماعي ووسائل الإعلام

Television's Enduring Influence

• Surveys show television retains significant importance despite technological advancements. A 2018 Arab "Index" survey, conducted annually by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, indicated that 57% of the Arab public relies on television for political news, while internet use was second at 22%, radio at 8%, and daily newspapers at only 5%. This suggests television remains a primary news source. Television is especially influential in Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon, where its viewership as the primary news source ranges from 70% to 88%.

Key Features of Television

• Television, a fundamental part of modern life, has bridged geographical distances and expanded global awareness. Its content, including news, is watch-able on diverse devices like smartphones and personal computers and tablets.
• Considered a rapid and efficient means of global communication, shaping public opinion whilst disseminating information quickly and globally. It combines moving images, sound, and action, transmitting events truthfully and conveying emotions effectively for widespread awareness and audience engagement.
• Television possesses various technological advantages, offering immediate delivery of information through sophisticated multimedia options including sound, visuals, and dynamic elements.
• It boasts a rich expressive language, leveraging visual and auditory stimulants to engage the intellect and emotions simultaneously.
• Television's broad, diverse audience doesn't require literacy skills for reception and enjoyment. The availability of programs designed for entertainment in addition to those used for education, makes television effective for a range of audience ages.
• High production costs, combined with technical and journalistic expertise, signify the considerable investment needed for quality television content.
• Common viewing settings are living rooms, and viewing is often shared among family members, contributing to a collective viewing experience.
• Viewing television implies a certain degree of dedication, concentration, and engagement.

Theories and Impacts of Television

• Television's impactful role in shaping attitudes and beliefs is well-documented.
• Researchers acknowledge that television's role in social change is both substantial and multifaceted, capable of building and reinforcing social values as well as challenging and displacing them.
• Television and other media technologies have a wide-reaching impact influencing both positively and negatively.
• Key figures such as Marshall McLuhan investigated the profound influence of electronic media, particularly television, on societies and individuals. The "global village" concept reflects how media can connect different locations as a single unit. His principle "the medium is the message" suggests the message's form affects its impact as much as the content itself.
• Studies highlight the effects of constant and repetitive exposure to media messages on individuals, fostering attitude change.
  • Audience attitudes towards issues and individuals derive from the info conveyed by media. Media acts as an important and effective tool in shaping those attitudes towards both local and global issues.
  • Media impacts attitudes at the level of individual acceptance/rejection and can promote values or beliefs as well as challenge/counter them.
  • Media influences not only acceptability/rejection, but can spread new values, norms and influence individual behavior, both personally and collectively.

Socialization and Television

• Television, along with family, education, and community institutions, plays a significant role in shaping individuals' social development.
• Over time, television content has grown more diverse and sophisticated in presenting information and stories which are accessed by younger and older generations alike.
• Television programming and content effectively reach varied audiences, delivering entertainment and information through well-developed formats.
• Children often use television to learn from presented examples and lessons, connecting what they see to their own personal experiences.
• Media influence on socialization is intertwined with societal factors that contribute to the acceptability/rejection of media messages or content. Parents, teachers, and existing social values form the framework through which media messages are processed and understood.

Response to Media Messages

• Television, due to its ability to reach vast audiences, can effectively inspire and unite individuals in support of shared purposes of nation-building, responding in common ways to media.
• TV can be utilized to build a sense of shared national or cultural identity to unite people collectively.
• Media can be used to foster a shared response among the public regarding a problem or threat. Unfortunately, it can be used negatively to encourage fear, panic, mistrust and unrest.
• A historical example of negative media influencing widespread panic involved a fictional broadcast about a Martian invasion.
• Media influence can encompass various emotions or desires. Dramatic portrayals in television programs can elicit feelings of love or hatred, anger or contentment through stories presented in dramatic portrayals.

Social Control and Television

• Television's role in maintaining societal order (social control) is undeniable.
• Traditional or societal norms and values, cultural beliefs, and personal morality can all be affected or shaped by media, including television.
• Television content presents role models as well as perspectives on moral, social and practical issues, influencing individuals' values. This includes presentation of different styles and approaches like clothing and relationships which may influence social codes or traditions.
• Television can be a mechanism to reinforce existing societal values and norms as well as introduce new ones.
• The impact of television on social control is dependent on the reception and interpretation of information. Media content is constantly changing which influences the norms and views of society. Television thus helps disseminate social values that are acceptable.

تتناول هذه الاختبار موضوع الضبط الاجتماعي ودور وسائل الإعلام فيه. يتضمن أسئلة حول كيفية تأثير المؤسسات الاجتماعية على أفراد المجتمع ومدى دقة نقل الأحداث. كما يستعرض أيضا العوامل التي تؤثر على العملية الاجتماعية والقيم المرتبطة بها.