Alcohol Abuse Flashcards
100 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of these options describes the ease of passing through the blood-placental barrier?

  • Easy passage through the blood-placental barrier (correct)
  • Nothing about the extent to which it passes through the blood-placental barrier
  • Difficulty in passing through the blood-placental barrier
  • First easy passage then difficulty in passing through the blood-placental barrier

    • Which of the following is NOT cited as affecting the rate of alcohol consumption?

  • The age of the drinker (assuming the age range is 21 to 45 years) (correct)
  • The size of the drinker
  • The pace at which alcohol enters the body
  • Whether or not the alcoholic beverage is carbonated

    • When a pregnant woman drinks alcoholic beverages, the fetal alcohol levels are what relative to the mother?

  • Lower than that of the mother
  • The same as that of the mother (correct)
  • Since alcohol does not pass through the placenta the fetus does not have an alcohol level.
  • Higher than that of the mother

    • Some of the alcohol is biodegraded before it is absorbed into the blood by the action of enzymes in the?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol requires what to be metabolized?

    <p>Special enzymes in the liver to be metabolized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If alcohol is entering the body rapidly, what happens?

    <p>The liver is unable to keep up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase occurs ______ oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

    <p>Before</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol into what?

    <p>Acetaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater proportion of oxidation occurs in the?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Alcohol dehydrogenase is to acetaldehyde as ______ is to acetic acid.

    <p>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol breakdown is determined by the speed with which __________ does its work.

    <p>alcohol dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetic acid is a product of oxidation by which enzyme?

    <p>Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hourly rate of the alcohol breakdown is?

    <p>100 milligrams of alcohol per kilogram of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you consumed a one-third to one-half ounce of pure alcohol steadily per hour, what would happen?

    <p>You would not feel intoxicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: NIAAA is to NIDA as

    <p>Alcoholism is to drug abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the problems in considering alcohol abuse is the frequently-held idea that...

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is the process of creating alcohol.

    <p>fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation typically produces

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a substance to undergo fermentation?

    <p>A sugar content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation is produced by the action of ______ on ______.

    <p>Yeast; sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fermentation, as yeast cells consume sugar molecules, _______ are left as waste.

    <p>Carbon dioxide and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fermentation, ______ cells consume the sugar content of organic material.

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In considering issues related to alcoholic beverages, the term alcohol specifically refers to

    <p>Ethyl alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As a result of fermentation, for every 1 sugar molecule, ____ molecule(s) of alcohol and _____ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide are left behind.

    <p>2; 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation achieves an alcohol content of _________ percent.

    <p>Between 12 and 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Fermentation is to standard grape wine and brewing is to

    <p>Beer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barley malt and mash are products that are involved in

    <p>The making of beer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic flavoring and aroma of beer is a result of adding

    <p>Hops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation results in a maximum alcohol content of ______.

    <p>15 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol having a lower boiling temperature than water is important in the process of

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distilled spirits is another name for

    <p>Liquor of any type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Fermentation is to 15-16 percent alcohol content as distillation is to _____ alcohol content.

    <p>50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distillation can achieve an alcohol content as high as

    <p>95 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proof of a distilled spirit beverage is

    <p>Twice the alcohol content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the alcohol content of a beverage is 60 percent, then the designated proof is

    <p>120 proof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An alcohol beverage is 120 proof. This means it contains _____ alcohol.

    <p>60 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a basic form of alcoholic beverage?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The original alcoholic beverage (from approximately 8000 B.C.) was

    <p>Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mead is a fermented beverage made from

    <p>Honey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of all the alcoholic beverages, the earliest known example is

    <p>Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aqua vitae is the name given to the first recorded

    <p>Brandy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____was the primary distilled liquor in Europe during the middle of the 17th century.

    <p>Brandy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taking distilled spirits and adding juniper berries for flavoring turns the beverage into

    <p>Gin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Beer is to distilled spirits as

    <p>Ale is to brandy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gin drinking created especially adverse social consequences in eighteenth-century

    <p>London and other English cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sake is a wine-like variation based upon the fermentation of

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Champagne is bubbly because

    <p>The wine is bottled before the yeast is gone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gin epidemic in the eighteenth century has been compared by sociologists to the introduction of ________ in the 20th century.

    <p>Crack cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcoholic beverages were preferred for drinking over a long sea voyage because

    <p>Water would have spoiled easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taverns in the United States during the 19th century

    <p>Served as election voting places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 19th-century New England, the favorite distilled-spirit beverage was

    <p>Rum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Rum was to whiskey as

    <p>Boston was to Virginia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperance movement originally concentrated on the

    <p>Moderation of alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of the temperance movement was

    <p>The moderation of alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anti-alcohol movement in the United States eventually moved from a philosophy of

    <p>Temperance to prohibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peak in alcohol consumption in the United States was reached in about

    <p>1830</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A decline in alcohol consumption in the United States coincided with the

    <p>Growing influence of the temperance movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Americans spend_____ on the purchase of alcoholic beverages per year.

    <p>$140 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Americans drink on a per capita basis approximately _____ gallons of pure alcohol in a year.

    <p>1.3 to 2.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    American per capita consumption of pure alcohol amounts to approximately _____ per day.

    <p>One-half to three-fourths of an ounce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a 'standard drink?'

    <p>One 1.5-ounce shot of 80 proof liquor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beverages contains the most alcohol?

    <p>Two 12-ounce bottles of wine cooler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Currently, American per capita consumption of alcohol is approximately ____ portions of a 'standard' alcoholic beverage each day.

    <p>1 to 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About 30 percent of Americans who drink alcohol are consuming about ___ percent of the total consumed each year.

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately ___ percent of the drinking population in the United States consume roughly 80 percent of the total alcohol consumed each year.

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is the most problematic form of alcohol consumption in the United States.

    <p>Beer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol consumption levels among individuals in the United States have been steadily decreasing since

    <p>The late 1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wine coolers have been introduced by the alcohol industry in order to

    <p>Bolster a declining rate of alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As people get older, the preference for wine and liquor over beer

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People who prefer beer over wine are mostly

    <p>Younger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women are _____ times as likely to prefer wine than men.

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The relationship between personal income and overall alcohol consumption is

    <p>Curvilinear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peak alcohol consumption among college students occurs around the age of

    <p>21 or 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binge drinking for men is generally defined as

    <p>Five or more drinks in a row</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A man would generally be defined as having engaged in binge drinking if

    <p>Five drinks had been consumed in a row</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of binge drinking?

    <p>Mrs. Jones drinking four beers in a row</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 5/4 criterion refers to

    <p>Binge drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to a study done in 2001, approximately one in ______ students had been a frequent binge drinker.

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an alcohol-related problem that college students experience?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second-hand drinking refers to

    <p>Alcohol-related problems experienced by a non-drinker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analogy: Second-hand smoking is to second-hand drinking as

    <p>Not smoking is to not drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among underage drinkers, the average age when drinking begins is

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol is

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule of alcohol can be considered

    <p>Moderately soluble in fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the alcohol consumed is absorbed from

    <p>The small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the stomach, alcohol increases the flow of

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small amounts of alcohol _____

    <p>Can help digest a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic alcohol consumption can result in

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the amount of food in the stomach ______ the time it takes to feel intoxicated______.

    <p>Increases; increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Becoming intoxicated more easily on an empty stomach than a full stomach is due to

    <p>The speed with which alcohol passes into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All other factors being equal, which type of liquor will show intoxicating effects the fastest?

    <p>130 proof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the concentration of alcohol increases,

    <p>The effect of the alcohol will be felt more quickly and powerfully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intoxicating effects of a carbonated alcoholic beverage will be felt relatively quickly because

    <p>The stomach will speed up its emptying of its contents into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A larger person requires more alcohol to attain the same BAC levels because

    <p>There are more body fluids to absorb the alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breathalyzers work on the principle that some of the alcohol

    <p>Is being excreted from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chief way for alcohol to be excreted is through

    <p>The urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About ____ percent of alcohol is excreted in the urine.

    <p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol is excreted in the urine after being biodegraded (broken down) into

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____percent of alcohol in the blood reaches the brain immediately.

    <p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability for alcohol to pass through the blood-brain barrier easily is due to

    <p>Its fat solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Alcohol Definitions and Processes

    • Analogy: NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) is to NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) as alcoholism is to drug abuse.
    • Alcohol abuse is frequently misconceived as less severe than drug abuse; all statements listed are commonly held beliefs.
    • Fermentation is the process through which alcohol is created, involving yeast acting on sugar, producing carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol as byproducts.
    • Fermentation requires sugar content to occur.

    Fermentation Insights

    • During fermentation, yeast cells consume sugar, leaving behind alcohol and carbon dioxide.
    • Fermentation achieves an alcohol content typically between 12% and 14%.
    • For each sugar molecule, two molecules of alcohol are produced.

    Types of Alcohol

    • Ethyl alcohol is specifically referred to when discussing alcoholic beverages.
    • Distillation processes can yield distilled spirits, enhancing alcohol content to approximately 95%.

    Alcohol Content and Proof

    • The proof of a distilled spirit is calculated as twice its alcohol content.
    • A beverage of 120 proof contains 60% alcohol by volume.

    Historical Context of Alcoholic Beverages

    • Mead, a fermented beverage made from honey, is among the earliest known alcoholic drinks, dating back to around 8000 B.C.
    • Brandy was the primary distilled liquor in Europe during the 17th century.
    • Peak alcohol consumption in the U.S. occurred around 1830.
    • A notable decline in alcohol consumption aligns with the growth of the temperance movement.

    Binge Drinking and Its Consequences

    • Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men.
    • College students commonly experience various alcohol-related problems, ranging from arguments to unsafe behaviors.

    Absorption and Effects of Alcohol

    • Alcohol is highly soluble in water and moderately soluble in fat, with most absorption occurring in the small intestine.
    • The presence of food in the stomach can prolong the time taken to feel intoxicated.
    • Intoxicating effects are felt faster with carbonated beverages due to quicker gastric emptying.

    Alcohol Metabolism and Excretion

    • A significant proportion of alcohol (approximately 60%) is excreted through urine after being broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
    • The efficiency of alcohol passing through the blood-brain barrier is due to its fat solubility.

    Bonds and Barriers

    • Alcohol's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier suggests a similar capability for the blood-placental barrier.
    • Pregnant women drinking alcohol result in fetal alcohol levels that are equal to maternal levels.

    Alcohol and Health

    • Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to various health issues such as ulcers and inflammation of the stomach and pancreas.
    • The effects of alcohol can vary based on drink size, carbonation, age, and rapid entry into the bloodstream.

    Demographic Insights

    • Many Americans prefer beer over wine; however, preferences for wine and liquor increase with age.
    • A notable percentage of alcohol consumption is concentrated among a small fraction of the population, with around 10% of drinkers consuming about 80% of total alcohol.### Alcohol Metabolism
    • The majority of oxidation of alcohol occurs in the liver.
    • Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.
    • Acetaldehyde is further oxidized into acetic acid by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

    Breakdown Rate

    • The breakdown of alcohol is primarily influenced by the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase.
    • An average breakdown rate is approximately 100 milligrams of alcohol per kilogram of body weight per hour.

    Effects of Alcohol Consumption

    • Consuming one-third to one-half ounce of pure alcohol steadily per hour generally does not lead to intoxication.
    • Intoxication symptoms may not appear until a later hour depending on individual tolerance and consumption rate.

    Important Enzymes

    • Alcohol dehydrogenase: initiates alcohol metabolism.
    • Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase: responsible for converting acetaldehyde into acetic acid, facilitating further metabolism and detoxification.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on alcohol abuse and its distinctions from drug abuse with these flashcards. Each card presents a challenging analogy or definition that helps clarify key concepts in the field of substance use. Perfect for anyone studying addiction or substance abuse.

    More Like This

    Substance Abuse in Emergency Situations Quiz
    5 questions

    Substance Abuse in Emergency Situations Quiz

    AgreeableEternity avatar
    AgreeableEternity
    Police Officers Code of Conduct - Alcohol and Substance Use
    36 questions

    Police Officers Code of Conduct - Alcohol and Substance Use

    ImpeccableColosseum avatar
    ImpeccableColosseum
    Alcohol and Drug Use
    23 questions

    Alcohol and Drug Use

    CheaperLogarithm avatar
    CheaperLogarithm
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser