Alcohol Abuse Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of these options describes the ease of passing through the blood-placental barrier?

Easy passage through the blood-placental barrier (correct)

Nothing about the extent to which it passes through the blood-placental barrier

Difficulty in passing through the blood-placental barrier

First easy passage then difficulty in passing through the blood-placental barrier

Which of the following is NOT cited as affecting the rate of alcohol consumption?

The age of the drinker (assuming the age range is 21 to 45 years) (correct)

The size of the drinker

The pace at which alcohol enters the body

Whether or not the alcoholic beverage is carbonated

When a pregnant woman drinks alcoholic beverages, the fetal alcohol levels are what relative to the mother?

Lower than that of the mother

The same as that of the mother (correct)

Since alcohol does not pass through the placenta the fetus does not have an alcohol level.

Higher than that of the mother

Some of the alcohol is biodegraded before it is absorbed into the blood by the action of enzymes in the?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol requires what to be metabolized?

Special enzymes in the liver to be metabolized Signup and view all the answers

If alcohol is entering the body rapidly, what happens?

The liver is unable to keep up Signup and view all the answers

Oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase occurs ______ oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Before Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol into what?

Acetaldehyde Signup and view all the answers

The greater proportion of oxidation occurs in the?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Alcohol dehydrogenase is to acetaldehyde as ______ is to acetic acid.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol breakdown is determined by the speed with which __________ does its work.

alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Acetic acid is a product of oxidation by which enzyme?

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

The hourly rate of the alcohol breakdown is?

100 milligrams of alcohol per kilogram of body weight Signup and view all the answers

If you consumed a one-third to one-half ounce of pure alcohol steadily per hour, what would happen?

You would not feel intoxicated Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: NIAAA is to NIDA as

Alcoholism is to drug abuse Signup and view all the answers

One of the problems in considering alcohol abuse is the frequently-held idea that...

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

_________ is the process of creating alcohol.

fermentation Signup and view all the answers

Fermentation typically produces

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a substance to undergo fermentation?

A sugar content Signup and view all the answers

Fermentation is produced by the action of on .

Yeast; sugar Signup and view all the answers

During fermentation, as yeast cells consume sugar molecules, _______ are left as waste.

Carbon dioxide and alcohol Signup and view all the answers

During fermentation, ______ cells consume the sugar content of organic material.

Yeast Signup and view all the answers

In considering issues related to alcoholic beverages, the term alcohol specifically refers to

Ethyl alcohol Signup and view all the answers

As a result of fermentation, for every 1 sugar molecule, molecule(s) of alcohol and _ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide are left behind.

2; 2 Signup and view all the answers

Fermentation achieves an alcohol content of _________ percent.

Between 12 and 14 Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Fermentation is to standard grape wine and brewing is to

Beer Signup and view all the answers

Barley malt and mash are products that are involved in

The making of beer Signup and view all the answers

The characteristic flavoring and aroma of beer is a result of adding

Hops Signup and view all the answers

Fermentation results in a maximum alcohol content of ______.

15 percent Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol having a lower boiling temperature than water is important in the process of

Distillation Signup and view all the answers

Distilled spirits is another name for

Liquor of any type Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Fermentation is to 15-16 percent alcohol content as distillation is to _____ alcohol content.

50 percent Signup and view all the answers

Distillation can achieve an alcohol content as high as

95 percent Signup and view all the answers

The proof of a distilled spirit beverage is

Twice the alcohol content Signup and view all the answers

If the alcohol content of a beverage is 60 percent, then the designated proof is

120 proof Signup and view all the answers

An alcohol beverage is 120 proof. This means it contains _____ alcohol.

60 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a basic form of alcoholic beverage?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The original alcoholic beverage (from approximately 8000 B.C.) was

Mead Signup and view all the answers

Mead is a fermented beverage made from

Honey Signup and view all the answers

Of all the alcoholic beverages, the earliest known example is

Mead Signup and view all the answers

Aqua vitae is the name given to the first recorded

Brandy Signup and view all the answers

____was the primary distilled liquor in Europe during the middle of the 17th century.

Brandy Signup and view all the answers

Taking distilled spirits and adding juniper berries for flavoring turns the beverage into

Gin Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Beer is to distilled spirits as

Ale is to brandy Signup and view all the answers

Gin drinking created especially adverse social consequences in eighteenth-century

London and other English cities Signup and view all the answers

Sake is a wine-like variation based upon the fermentation of

Rice Signup and view all the answers

Champagne is bubbly because

The wine is bottled before the yeast is gone Signup and view all the answers

The gin epidemic in the eighteenth century has been compared by sociologists to the introduction of ________ in the 20th century.

Crack cocaine Signup and view all the answers

Alcoholic beverages were preferred for drinking over a long sea voyage because

Water would have spoiled easily Signup and view all the answers

Taverns in the United States during the 19th century

Served as election voting places Signup and view all the answers

In 19th-century New England, the favorite distilled-spirit beverage was

Rum Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Rum was to whiskey as

Boston was to Virginia Signup and view all the answers

The temperance movement originally concentrated on the

Moderation of alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

The goal of the temperance movement was

The moderation of alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

The anti-alcohol movement in the United States eventually moved from a philosophy of

Temperance to prohibition Signup and view all the answers

The peak in alcohol consumption in the United States was reached in about

1830 Signup and view all the answers

A decline in alcohol consumption in the United States coincided with the

Growing influence of the temperance movement Signup and view all the answers

Americans spend_____ on the purchase of alcoholic beverages per year.

$140 billion Signup and view all the answers

Americans drink on a per capita basis approximately _____ gallons of pure alcohol in a year.

1.3 to 2.2 Signup and view all the answers

American per capita consumption of pure alcohol amounts to approximately _____ per day.

One-half to three-fourths of an ounce Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a 'standard drink?'

One 1.5-ounce shot of 80 proof liquor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beverages contains the most alcohol?

Two 12-ounce bottles of wine cooler Signup and view all the answers

Currently, American per capita consumption of alcohol is approximately ____ portions of a 'standard' alcoholic beverage each day.

1 to 1.5 Signup and view all the answers

About 30 percent of Americans who drink alcohol are consuming about ___ percent of the total consumed each year.

80 Signup and view all the answers

Approximately ___ percent of the drinking population in the United States consume roughly 80 percent of the total alcohol consumed each year.

30 Signup and view all the answers

______ is the most problematic form of alcohol consumption in the United States.

Beer Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol consumption levels among individuals in the United States have been steadily decreasing since

The late 1970s Signup and view all the answers

Wine coolers have been introduced by the alcohol industry in order to

Bolster a declining rate of alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

As people get older, the preference for wine and liquor over beer

Increases Signup and view all the answers

People who prefer beer over wine are mostly

Younger Signup and view all the answers

Women are _____ times as likely to prefer wine than men.

Three Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between personal income and overall alcohol consumption is

Curvilinear Signup and view all the answers

Peak alcohol consumption among college students occurs around the age of

21 or 22 Signup and view all the answers

Binge drinking for men is generally defined as

Five or more drinks in a row Signup and view all the answers

A man would generally be defined as having engaged in binge drinking if

Five drinks had been consumed in a row Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of binge drinking?

Mrs. Jones drinking four beers in a row Signup and view all the answers

The 5/4 criterion refers to

Binge drinking Signup and view all the answers

According to a study done in 2001, approximately one in ______ students had been a frequent binge drinker.

Four Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an alcohol-related problem that college students experience?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Second-hand drinking refers to

Alcohol-related problems experienced by a non-drinker Signup and view all the answers

Analogy: Second-hand smoking is to second-hand drinking as

Not smoking is to not drinking Signup and view all the answers

Among underage drinkers, the average age when drinking begins is

14 Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol is

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The molecule of alcohol can be considered

Moderately soluble in fat Signup and view all the answers

Most of the alcohol consumed is absorbed from

The small intestine Signup and view all the answers

In the stomach, alcohol increases the flow of

Hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

Small amounts of alcohol _____

Can help digest a meal Signup and view all the answers

Chronic alcohol consumption can result in

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

As the amount of food in the stomach the time it takes to feel intoxicated.

Increases; increases Signup and view all the answers

Becoming intoxicated more easily on an empty stomach than a full stomach is due to

The speed with which alcohol passes into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

All other factors being equal, which type of liquor will show intoxicating effects the fastest?

130 proof Signup and view all the answers

As the concentration of alcohol increases,

The effect of the alcohol will be felt more quickly and powerfully Signup and view all the answers

The intoxicating effects of a carbonated alcoholic beverage will be felt relatively quickly because

The stomach will speed up its emptying of its contents into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

A larger person requires more alcohol to attain the same BAC levels because

There are more body fluids to absorb the alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Breathalyzers work on the principle that some of the alcohol

Is being excreted from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

The chief way for alcohol to be excreted is through

The urine Signup and view all the answers

About ____ percent of alcohol is excreted in the urine.

95 Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol is excreted in the urine after being biodegraded (broken down) into

Carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

____percent of alcohol in the blood reaches the brain immediately.

90 Signup and view all the answers

The ability for alcohol to pass through the blood-brain barrier easily is due to

Its fat solubility Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alcohol Definitions and Processes

Analogy: NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism) is to NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) as alcoholism is to drug abuse.
Alcohol abuse is frequently misconceived as less severe than drug abuse; all statements listed are commonly held beliefs.
Fermentation is the process through which alcohol is created, involving yeast acting on sugar, producing carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol as byproducts.
Fermentation requires sugar content to occur.

Fermentation Insights

During fermentation, yeast cells consume sugar, leaving behind alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Fermentation achieves an alcohol content typically between 12% and 14%.
For each sugar molecule, two molecules of alcohol are produced.

Types of Alcohol

Ethyl alcohol is specifically referred to when discussing alcoholic beverages.
Distillation processes can yield distilled spirits, enhancing alcohol content to approximately 95%.

Alcohol Content and Proof

The proof of a distilled spirit is calculated as twice its alcohol content.
A beverage of 120 proof contains 60% alcohol by volume.

Historical Context of Alcoholic Beverages

Mead, a fermented beverage made from honey, is among the earliest known alcoholic drinks, dating back to around 8000 B.C.
Brandy was the primary distilled liquor in Europe during the 17th century.

Alcohol Consumption Trends

Peak alcohol consumption in the U.S. occurred around 1830.
A notable decline in alcohol consumption aligns with the growth of the temperance movement.

Binge Drinking and Its Consequences

Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row for men.
College students commonly experience various alcohol-related problems, ranging from arguments to unsafe behaviors.

Absorption and Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol is highly soluble in water and moderately soluble in fat, with most absorption occurring in the small intestine.
The presence of food in the stomach can prolong the time taken to feel intoxicated.
Intoxicating effects are felt faster with carbonated beverages due to quicker gastric emptying.

Alcohol Metabolism and Excretion

A significant proportion of alcohol (approximately 60%) is excreted through urine after being broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
The efficiency of alcohol passing through the blood-brain barrier is due to its fat solubility.

Bonds and Barriers

Alcohol's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier suggests a similar capability for the blood-placental barrier.
Pregnant women drinking alcohol result in fetal alcohol levels that are equal to maternal levels.

Alcohol and Health

Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to various health issues such as ulcers and inflammation of the stomach and pancreas.
The effects of alcohol can vary based on drink size, carbonation, age, and rapid entry into the bloodstream.

Demographic Insights

Many Americans prefer beer over wine; however, preferences for wine and liquor increase with age.
A notable percentage of alcohol consumption is concentrated among a small fraction of the population, with around 10% of drinkers consuming about 80% of total alcohol.### Alcohol Metabolism
The majority of oxidation of alcohol occurs in the liver.
Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.
Acetaldehyde is further oxidized into acetic acid by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase.

Breakdown Rate

The breakdown of alcohol is primarily influenced by the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase.
An average breakdown rate is approximately 100 milligrams of alcohol per kilogram of body weight per hour.

Effects of Alcohol Consumption

Consuming one-third to one-half ounce of pure alcohol steadily per hour generally does not lead to intoxication.
Intoxication symptoms may not appear until a later hour depending on individual tolerance and consumption rate.

Important Enzymes

Alcohol dehydrogenase: initiates alcohol metabolism.
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase: responsible for converting acetaldehyde into acetic acid, facilitating further metabolism and detoxification.

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Description

Test your knowledge on alcohol abuse and its distinctions from drug abuse with these flashcards. Each card presents a challenging analogy or definition that helps clarify key concepts in the field of substance use. Perfect for anyone studying addiction or substance abuse.

Alcohol Abuse Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of these options describes the ease of passing through the blood-placental barrier?

Which of the following is NOT cited as affecting the rate of alcohol consumption?

When a pregnant woman drinks alcoholic beverages, the fetal alcohol levels are what relative to the mother?

Some of the alcohol is biodegraded before it is absorbed into the blood by the action of enzymes in the?

Alcohol requires what to be metabolized?

If alcohol is entering the body rapidly, what happens?

Oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase occurs ______ oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol into what?

The greater proportion of oxidation occurs in the?

Analogy: Alcohol dehydrogenase is to acetaldehyde as ______ is to acetic acid.

Alcohol breakdown is determined by the speed with which __________ does its work.

Acetic acid is a product of oxidation by which enzyme?

The hourly rate of the alcohol breakdown is?

If you consumed a one-third to one-half ounce of pure alcohol steadily per hour, what would happen?

Analogy: NIAAA is to NIDA as

One of the problems in considering alcohol abuse is the frequently-held idea that...

_________ is the process of creating alcohol.

Fermentation typically produces

What is necessary for a substance to undergo fermentation?

Fermentation is produced by the action of ______ on ______.

During fermentation, as yeast cells consume sugar molecules, _______ are left as waste.

During fermentation, ______ cells consume the sugar content of organic material.

In considering issues related to alcoholic beverages, the term alcohol specifically refers to

As a result of fermentation, for every 1 sugar molecule, ____ molecule(s) of alcohol and _____ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide are left behind.

Fermentation achieves an alcohol content of _________ percent.

Analogy: Fermentation is to standard grape wine and brewing is to

Barley malt and mash are products that are involved in

The characteristic flavoring and aroma of beer is a result of adding

Fermentation results in a maximum alcohol content of ______.

Alcohol having a lower boiling temperature than water is important in the process of

Distilled spirits is another name for

Analogy: Fermentation is to 15-16 percent alcohol content as distillation is to _____ alcohol content.

Distillation can achieve an alcohol content as high as

The proof of a distilled spirit beverage is

If the alcohol content of a beverage is 60 percent, then the designated proof is

An alcohol beverage is 120 proof. This means it contains _____ alcohol.

Which of the following is a basic form of alcoholic beverage?

The original alcoholic beverage (from approximately 8000 B.C.) was

Mead is a fermented beverage made from

Of all the alcoholic beverages, the earliest known example is

Aqua vitae is the name given to the first recorded

____was the primary distilled liquor in Europe during the middle of the 17th century.

Taking distilled spirits and adding juniper berries for flavoring turns the beverage into

Analogy: Beer is to distilled spirits as

Gin drinking created especially adverse social consequences in eighteenth-century

Sake is a wine-like variation based upon the fermentation of

Champagne is bubbly because

The gin epidemic in the eighteenth century has been compared by sociologists to the introduction of ________ in the 20th century.

Alcoholic beverages were preferred for drinking over a long sea voyage because

Taverns in the United States during the 19th century

In 19th-century New England, the favorite distilled-spirit beverage was

Analogy: Rum was to whiskey as

The temperance movement originally concentrated on the

The goal of the temperance movement was

The anti-alcohol movement in the United States eventually moved from a philosophy of

The peak in alcohol consumption in the United States was reached in about

A decline in alcohol consumption in the United States coincided with the

Americans spend_____ on the purchase of alcoholic beverages per year.

Americans drink on a per capita basis approximately _____ gallons of pure alcohol in a year.

American per capita consumption of pure alcohol amounts to approximately _____ per day.

Which of the following is a 'standard drink?'

Which of the following beverages contains the most alcohol?

Currently, American per capita consumption of alcohol is approximately ____ portions of a 'standard' alcoholic beverage each day.

About 30 percent of Americans who drink alcohol are consuming about ___ percent of the total consumed each year.

Approximately ___ percent of the drinking population in the United States consume roughly 80 percent of the total alcohol consumed each year.

______ is the most problematic form of alcohol consumption in the United States.

Alcohol consumption levels among individuals in the United States have been steadily decreasing since

Wine coolers have been introduced by the alcohol industry in order to

As people get older, the preference for wine and liquor over beer

People who prefer beer over wine are mostly

Women are _____ times as likely to prefer wine than men.

The relationship between personal income and overall alcohol consumption is

Peak alcohol consumption among college students occurs around the age of

Binge drinking for men is generally defined as

A man would generally be defined as having engaged in binge drinking if

Which of the following is an example of binge drinking?

The 5/4 criterion refers to

According to a study done in 2001, approximately one in ______ students had been a frequent binge drinker.

Fermentation is produced by the action of on .

As a result of fermentation, for every 1 sugar molecule, molecule(s) of alcohol and _ molecule(s) of carbon dioxide are left behind.

As the amount of food in the stomach the time it takes to feel intoxicated.