الإسلام في الأندلس
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Questions and Answers

ما هو اللقب الذي أعلنه عبدالرحمن الثالث في يناير 929؟

  • خليفة قرطبة (correct)
  • أمير قرطبة
  • سلطان قرطبة
  • ملك قرطبة

ما هو التاريخ التقريبي الذي وُلد فيه الأمير عبدالله بن محمد؟

  • 950
  • 800
  • 850
  • 900 (correct)

ما هي المدينة التي كان يسيطر عليها الأمير عبدالله بن محمد؟

  • قرطبة (correct)
  • إشبيلية
  • توليدو
  • مالقة

ماذا يعني لقب 'أمير قرطبة' باللغة العربية؟

<p>حاكم قرطبة (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

أي من العبارات التالية صحيحة عن سلطة الأمير عبدالله بن محمد؟

<p>امتدت سلطته فقط إلى قرطبة (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من كان قائد القوة الموالية للخلافة في معركة توريبيشنت؟

<p>ابن أبي عامر (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

في أي سنة بدأت سلالة الأموية في حكم قرطبة؟

<p>756 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من كان من الحلفاء المسيحيين في معركة توريبيشنت؟

<p>راميرو غارسيس (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الحدث التاريخي الذي وقع يوم السبت، 9 يوليو 981؟

<p>معركة توريبيشنت (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

أي من الشخصيات كانت معارضة للسلطة الأموية في معركة توريبيشنت؟

<p>غالب بن عبد الرحمن (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو عام التحول الذي انقسم فيه الخلافة إلى ممالك مستقلة؟

<p>1031 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من يطلب يحيى بن إبراهيم في 1046؟

<p>معلم للشريعة الإسلامية (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من كان الشخص الذي أُرسل لتعليم الشريعة الإسلامية مع يحيى بن إبراهيم؟

<p>عبد الله بن ياسين (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

في أي فترة كانت دولة المرابطين قائمة في إسبانيا؟

<p>1086-1147 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما الاسم الذي أُطلق على الممالك المستقلة التي نشأت بعد انقسام الخلافة؟

<p>الطوائف (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما اسم التحالف الذي شكلّه ابن ياسين؟

<p>المرابطون (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من كان يتولى القيادة العسكرية في التحالف الذي أسسه ابن ياسين؟

<p>يحيى بن عمر (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

أي من القبائل التالية لم تكن جزءاً من تحالف المرابطون؟

<p>الجلالة (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هي المدينة التي تم غزوها عام 1054 تحت حكم الموحدين؟

<p>سجلماس (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما الدور الذي قام به ابن ياسين في التحالف؟

<p>الزعيم الروحي (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من أسس حركة الموحدين؟

<p>ابن Tumart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الموقع الذي تم فيه تأسيس دولة الموحدين الأولى؟

<p>تينمل (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

في أي فترة زمنية استمرت دولة الموحدين في إسبانيا؟

<p>1147 - 1212 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

أي القبائل ساهمت بشكل رئيسي في حركة الموحدين؟

<p>قبائل الأمازيغ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هي الفترة التي بدأت فيها حركة الموحدين في المغرب؟

<p>1120 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو التاريخ الذي نجح فيه عبد المؤمن الغماري في الاستيلاء على مراكش وإعلان نفسه خليفة؟

<p>1147 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

من الذي حكم بين عامي 1130 و1163 وأعلن نفسه خليفة بعد الاستيلاء على مراكش؟

<p>عبد المؤمن الغماري (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هي الفترة التي استمر فيها حكم عبد المؤمن الغماري بعد استيلائه على مراكش؟

<p>1130–1163 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الأمر الذي تحقق في المغرب بحلول عام 1159 بعد حكم عبد المؤمن الغماري؟

<p>امتداد القوة على جميع المغرب (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ما هو اسم الدولة التي تم الإطاحة بها في المغرب بواسطة عبد المؤمن الغماري؟

<p>المرابطين (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Caliphate of Córdoba

The Islamic state in Iberia, with Córdoba as its capital, ruled by rulers with the title Caliph.

Abd-ar-Rahman III

Ruler who proclaimed himself Caliph of Córdoba in 929.

Emir of Córdoba

A lesser title than Caliph, used before 929 by rulers in Córdoba.

929

The year Abd-ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph.

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Córdoba

The capital of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city.

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Umayyad dynasty

A Muslim dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Córdoba, later the Caliphate of Córdoba.

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Emir of Córdoba

The title of the ruler of the Emirate of Córdoba, a Muslim territory in Iberia.

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Battle of Torrevicente

A clash between loyalists to the Caliphate of Córdoba and rebel forces, including Christian allies, in 981.

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Abd-ar-Rahman III

A member of the Umayyad dynasty who was a ruler.

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Ibn Abi 'Amir

Leader of the force loyal to the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Battle of Torrevicente.

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Taifa Kingdoms

Independent Muslim kingdoms that arose from the fragmented caliphate in 1031.

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Almoravids

A Muslim Berber dynasty that held power in Spain from ~1086 to ~1147

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Yahya Ibn Ibrahim

A Gudala chief who requested Islamic legal instruction for the Berber people.

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Abdallah ibn Yasin

The Islamic legal scholar sent to teach the Berber people.

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Adrar region today's Mauritania

Geographic region where Berbers lived, central to Ibn Yasin's mission of spreading Islamic Law.

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Almoravid Alliance

An alliance formed by Ibn Yasin from the Lamtuna, Masufa, and Gudala tribes.

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Ibn Yasin's role

Spiritual leader of the Almoravid alliance.

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Yahya ibn Umar's role

Military commander of the Almoravid alliance.

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Sijilmasa Conquest

The Maghrawa-ruled city of Sijilmasa was conquered in 1054 by the Almoravid alliance.

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Maghrawa's rule

The ruling power in Sijilmasa before the Almoravid alliance's conquest.

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Almohad Movement Start

Started by Ibn Tumart among the Masmuda tribes in southern Morocco.

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Almohad State Location

First established in Tinmel, Atlas Mountains.

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Almohad Time Period Spain

Ruled parts of Spain from 1147 to 1212.

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Ibn Tumart

Leader who started the Almohad movement.

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Tinmel Location

Location of the first Almohad Berber state, in the Atlas Mountains

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Almoravid Overthrow

The successful removal of the Almoravid rulers in Morocco by 1147.

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Abd al-Mu'min's Conquest

Abd al-Mu'min captured Marrakech and declared himself Caliph in 1147.

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Maghreb Control

By 1159, the new rulers expanded influence to all of the Maghreb.

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Abd al-Mu'min

The leader who took Marrakech and declared himself Caliph (1130-1163).

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1147

Year Abd al-Mu'min captured Marrakech and declared himself Caliph.

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Study Notes

Islam in al-Andalus

  • Al-Andalus encompassed parts of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically present-day Spain and Portugal, under Muslim rule.
  • The period began with the arrival of Muslim forces in the 8th century CE.
  • The map shows the political divisions of Spain in 910, marking the Kingdom of León, the Kingdom of Navarre, the County of Barcelona, the Emirate of Córdoba, and independent moorish states.
  • Between 750 and 1031, the rulers of al-Andalus were known as Emirs and then Caliphs.
  • In 756, Abd ar-Rahman I, a member of the deposed Umayyad family, refused Abbasid rule and established an independent emirate in Córdoba.
  • His descendants continued as emirs (rulers) of Córdoba until 929 when Abd ar-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph.
  • In 1031, the Caliphate fractured into several small Muslim kingdoms, known as taifas.
  • The Almohad dynasty took control over most of Islamic Iberia between 1147-1212

The Battle of Torrevicente

  • The battle occurred in July 981 between a force loyal to the Caliphate of Córdoba and rebel forces, involving a Christian alliance.
  • The commander of the Córdoba forces was Ibn Abi ‘Amir, the leaders and forces of the rebels are King Ramiro Garcés and Count Garcia Fernandez.
  • The battle resulted in a victory for Ibn Abi 'Amir.

The Battle of al-Zallaqah

  • The battle took place in October 1086, and involved a number of key figures and leaders, predominantly Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Ali ibn Yusuf, Tashfin ibn Ali, and Ibrahim ibn Tashfin and Ishaq ibn Ali
  • The battle was part of a larger conflict between the Christian kingdoms of Spain and the Almoravid forces. It resulted in significant political & territorial consequences.

El Cid Campeador

  • Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, was a Castilian nobleman and military leader.
  • He was a prominent figure in medieval Spain, particularly during the period of conflict with the Muslim powers.
  • He gained the title El Cid (the Lord) from the Moors, and the title Campeador (champion) by the Christians.
  • After his death, he became a legendary figure and national hero in Castile

The Almohads in Spain (1147-1212)

  • The Almohads, a Berber dynasty, extended their control over all of Islamic Iberia.
  • They defeated the Almoravids (a previous ruling force).
  • The Almohad rule was marked by a rigorous interpretation of Islamic law and strong influence on culture and politics in Southern Iberia
  • Their rule lasted until roughly the 12th and 13th centuries, when they faced and eventually lost major battles to the Christian kingdoms of Europe.

Alfonso X (1221-1284)

  • Alfonso X, also known as Alfonso the Wise, fostered a cosmopolitan court, encouraging learning among Jewish, Muslim, and Christian scholars.
  • This led to the translation of works from different languages (Arabic and Latin) to the Castilian vernacular, leading to significant intellectual growth and change during the period.

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استكشف الفترة الإسلامية في الأندلس وكيف حكمت العائلات المالكة المنطقة. يعرض هذا الاختبار الفترات التاريخية المختلفة وكيفية تحول الأندلس من إمارة في قرطبة إلى خلافة. تعرف على المعارك التي شكلت تاريخ منطقة شبه الجزيرة الأيبيرية.

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