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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes weathering?

  • The process by which rocks are chemically strengthened due to exposure to heat and pressure
  • The process by which rocks are exposed to severe weather
  • The process by which rocks are formed by heat and pressure
  • The mechanical or chemical process by which rocks are broken down (correct)

How does gravity contribute to weathering?

  • by expansion of rocks
  • by abrasion of the rocks (correct)
  • by creating holes in rocks
  • by dissolving rocks’ particles

Which of the following is NOT an example of physical weathering?

  • Wind blowing sand onto a rock
  • Freeze- thaw
  • Abrasion due to the movement of glaciers
  • Plant that grows on the cracks of the rocks (correct)

What happens to pieces of rock as they are transported by a river?

<p>they get smaller and rounder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hydration, water is an active agent of chemical weathering. What happens when water loosely combines with the minerals of the rock?

<p>weakens the molecular binding of the minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two things that affect the rate of weathering?

<p>type of rock and climate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes chemical weathering?

<p>all of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weak organic acids are produced by the action of the growing roots of lichens. These acids react with some minerals in rocks resulting in the decomposition of rocks. How will you classify this process?

<p>Chemical weathering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions promotes slow chemical weathering?

<p>cold temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rocks tends to weather more rapidly through hydrolysis process?

<p>Rocks that contain feldspar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of oxidation?

<p>Rust decomposes rocks completely with passage of time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is NOT true about mechanical weathering?

<p>changes the chemical composition of rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities has resulted in an increased rate of chemical weathering through acidification?

<p>2 and 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT included in the group?

<p>abrasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following climates will chemical weathering be most rapid?

<p>hot and humid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three kinds of rocks?

<p>igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of rock do most fossils appear?

<p>sedimentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rock is formed when bits of rocks are layered and cemented together?

<p>sedimentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of sedimentary particles?

<p>limestone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to a series of processes on earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another?

<p>rock cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What step in the rock cycle would be required to change an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock?

<p>weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process does layer upon layer of sediment build up and exert pressure on the layers below?

<p>deposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moving of sediments from their original position called?

<p>erosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the settling out of the sediment called?

<p>deposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following choices best describes the statements below? I. The layers or rocks are piled one on top of the other. II. Sedimentary rocks are formed particles by particles and bed bybed. III.In sequence of layered rock, a given bed must be younger thanany bed on top of it.

<p>Statements I and III are true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where sediment is glued together when minerals are dissolved?

<p>cementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the law of superposition?

<p>Older layers are generally deeper than more recent layers. (A), Older layers are generally deeper than more recent layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a process that leads to the formation or depositionof rock layers?

<p>sedimentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT lead to the formation of rock layers?

<p>successive lava flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles states that all rock layers are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition?

<p>Law of Lateral Continuity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Weathering

The process of breaking down rocks at Earth's surface.

Physical Weathering

The breakdown of rocks by physical forces, changing size or shape without altering the minerals.

Chemical Weathering

The breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions, altering the chemical composition of minerals.

Biological Weathering

The breakdown of rocks by plants and animals.

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Abrasion

The wearing away of rock surfaces by other rocks or sediments.

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Freeze-thaw

Physical weathering caused by water repeatedly freezing and expanding in cracks of rocks.

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Exfoliation

Physical weathering where rock layers peel off due to pressure release.

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Carbonation

Chemical weathering where carbon dioxide in rain reacts with rocks.

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Hydrolysis

Chemical weathering where water reacts with minerals, producing clay and soluble salts.

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Hydration

Chemical weathering where water combines with minerals, changing their structure.

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Oxidation

Chemical weathering caused by oxygen reacting with minerals, often producing rust.

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Earth's internal heat

Energy within Earth.

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Primordial heat

Heat remaining from Earth's formation.

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Radioactive decay

Spontaneous breakdown of atomic nuclei releasing energy.

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Gravitational pressure

Force exerted by overlying rocks on materials deeper inside Earth.

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Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact between materials.

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Convection

Heat transfer by movement of fluids (liquids or gases).

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Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

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Accretion

Process of clumping together to form larger bodies.

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Planetesimal

Early clumps of matter that eventually formed planets.

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