Airway Structure and Acute Respiratory Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is a nursing priority for clients with acute respiratory disorders?

Maintaining a patent airway (correct)

Performing chest physiotherapy

Encouraging physical activity

Increasing fluid intake

Which factor increases susceptibility to respiratory infections in older adults?

Improved immune response

Frequent exercise

Decreased pulmonary reserves (correct)

Increased lung elasticity

What should be encouraged to prevent respiratory disorders in vulnerable populations?

Smoking initiation programs

Discontinuation of physical activities

Increased exposure to allergens

Regular immunizations (correct)

What is a common acute respiratory disorder among adults?

Pneumonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with respiratory disorders?

Chronic lung disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of allergic rhinitis?

Release of mediators from WBCs due to allergens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with rhinitis?

Severe chest pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of rhinitis is characterized by symptoms that occur in response to seasonal allergens?

Allergic rhinitis (seasonal) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding may indicate a viral cause of rhinitis?

Low-grade fever (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic test used to identify allergens in patients with rhinitis?

Allergy tests (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended daily fluid intake for patients to promote recovery in respiratory conditions?

2,000 mL (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is primarily used to decrease edema and itching related to allergic reactions?

Antihistamines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial client education point regarding the use of decongestants?

They must be used for only 3 to 4 days to prevent rebound congestion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which complementary therapy is suggested to help decrease the intensity of rhinitis?

Zinc preparations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken to minimize the risk of spreading respiratory infections?

Promoting hand hygiene practices. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common term used for sinusitis?

Rhinosinusitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with sinusitis?

Fever and facial pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of sinusitis infection?

Streptococcus pneumoniae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What finding might indicate a bacterial cause of sinusitis?

High-grade fever (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to contribute to the development of sinusitis?

Frequent exercise (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended method to alleviate sinus congestion and pain?

Promote the use of steam humidification and saline nasal sprays (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities should clients be discouraged from doing?

Air travel and swimming (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important instruction for a patient regarding sinus irrigation?

Use the correct technique for self-administration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential intervention to promote drainage of secretions in sinus patients?

Endoscopic sinus cavity lavage or surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change should be encouraged for clients with sinus issues?

Cessation of tobacco use (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for safe use of nasal decongestants to avoid rebound congestion?

3 to 4 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

Amoxicillin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What might severe headache, neck stiffness, and high fever indicate in a patient with sinus issues?

Possible complications (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective alternative to antibiotics for relieving nasal congestion?

Sinus irrigation and saline nasal sprays (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic procedures performed for sinus-related issues?

Deviated septum repair (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the contagiousness of influenza in adults is accurate?

Adults are contagious 1 day before and up to 5 days after symptoms start. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pandemic influenza from seasonal influenza?

Pandemic influenza arises from viral mutations leading to increased human transmissibility. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings is NOT typically associated with seasonal influenza?

Hypoxia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic procedure is recommended by the CDC for confirming influenza?

Testing only if results will influence treatment decisions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specifically linked to avian influenza rather than seasonal influenza?

Severe diarrhea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for obtaining a sputum culture before starting antibiotic therapy?

To identify the specific organism causing infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might older adult clients have difficulty expectorating sputum specimens?

They may have a weak cough reflex and decreased muscle strength (D) Signup and view all the answers

What might a chest x-ray indicate if pneumonia is present?

Consolidation of lung tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which lab result may not be reliable for diagnosing pneumonia in older adult clients?

CBC showing elevated WBC count (B) Signup and view all the answers

What pulse oximetry level is typically expected in clients with pneumonia?

Less than 95% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What body position is recommended to maximize ventilation for a client?

High-Fowler’s position (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily fluid intake to promote hydration in clients with respiratory issues?

2 to 3 L/day (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention can help prevent alveolar collapse in clients with respiratory distress?

Using an incentive spirometer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary consideration is important for clients with increased work of breathing?

Increase caloric intake (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential to monitor for clients receiving oxygen therapy?

Assess skin integrity around the nose and mouth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should clients be educated about regarding the timing of taking penicillins?

Some should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the monitoring of clients taking penicillins and cephalosporins, which specific client factor is crucial?

Age of the client, particularly older adults. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is important to observe in clients using antibiotics?

Monitoring for frequent stools. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about taking penicillins with food?

Some penicillins may be less effective if taken with food. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should clients be advised regarding kidney function while on penicillins and cephalosporins?

Monitor kidney function closely, especially in older adults. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchodilators?

To reduce bronchospasms and irritation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication would provide rapid relief of bronchospasms?

Albuterol (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cholinergic antagonists in bronchodilation?

They block the parasympathetic nervous system (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do methylxanthines require close monitoring of blood medication levels?

They have a narrow therapeutic range (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of bronchodilator?

Antibiotics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in clients taking theophylline to ensure safety?

Medication levels for toxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect should a nurse watch for while caring for clients on albuterol?

Tremors (B) Signup and view all the answers

In clients taking ipratropium, which symptom may indicate toxicity?

Blurred vision (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct nursing action for monitoring clients taking theophylline?

Monitor blood medication levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is NOT associated with theophylline?

Drowsiness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of atelectasis in a patient?

Diminished breath sounds over the affected area (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Ground-glass appearance on chest x-ray (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the case of bacteremia due to pneumonia, what can occur?

Pathogens entering the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might you expect in a patient with persistent hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy?

Worsening dyspnea with bilateral noncardiac pulmonary edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

What abnormal finding might be present in blood gas analysis for a patient with ARDS?

Low levels of oxygen saturation with hypercarbia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Airway Structure and Function

Airway structures allow air entry for oxygenation and tissue perfusion.
Acute and chronic disorders can affect these structures.
Maintaining a patent airway is crucial for oxygenation in acute respiratory cases.

Acute Respiratory Disorders

Rhinitis
Sinusitis
Influenza
COVID-19
Pneumonia

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Practice hand hygiene to prevent infection.
Encourage immunizations (influenza, pneumonia) for vulnerable groups.
Limit exposure to airborne allergens.
Promote smoking cessation.

Risk Factors

Age: Extremely young or advanced age.
Infection: Recent viral, bacterial, or influenza infection.
Immunization: Lack of current immunization (pneumonia, influenza).
Allergies: Exposure to allergens (pollen, molds, animal dander, foods, medications, environmental contaminants).
Tobacco: Exposure to tobacco smoke.
Substance Use: Alcohol or cocaine use.
Chronic Lung Disease: Asthma, emphysema.
Immune Status: Immunocompromised condition.
Foreign Bodies: Presence of a foreign body.
Aspiration Risk: Conditions increasing the risk of aspiration (dysphagia).
Secretion Mobilization: Impaired ability to mobilize secretions (low consciousness, immobility, recent surgery).
Inactivity: Inactivity and immobility.
Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical ventilation (ventilator-acquired pneumonia).

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of airway structure and function, as well as various acute respiratory disorders such as rhinitis and pneumonia. It focuses on health promotion strategies and factors affecting respiratory health. Test your knowledge to better understand how to maintain a patent airway and prevent respiratory infections.