Airway Management Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for using the jaw thrust maneuver in airway management?

  • It prevents further airway obstruction by using pressure.
  • It allows for airway access without moving the neck. (correct)
  • It is easier to perform than the head tilt chin lift.
  • It is the first step in all rescue breathing techniques.

What is a major risk associated with suctioning an airway for longer than 15 seconds?

  • It may cause aspiration.
  • It can lead to hypoxia. (correct)
  • It can induce a gag reflex.
  • Airway inflammation may occur.

In which scenarios should you NOT use an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?

  • Unconscious patients without gag reflex.
  • Conscious patients with a gag reflex. (correct)
  • Patients who are breathing adequately.
  • Patients with suspected neck injuries. (correct)

What are the appropriate sizing methods for a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

<p>From nostril to earlobe or angle of jaw. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is a nasal cannula the preferred choice for oxygen delivery?

<p>When a mask is not tolerated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What flow rate is typically set for a non-rebreather mask?

<p>12-15 liters per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose for using a bag-valve-mask (BVM)?

<p>To ventilate nonbreathing patients or assist inadequate respiration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before inserting a nasopharyngeal airway?

<p>Apply a water-based lubricant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would a BVM be indicated?

<p>When the patient is nonbreathing or has inadequate breaths. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you position the tip of an oropharyngeal airway during insertion?

<p>Pointing towards the roof of the mouth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Head Tilt Chin Lift

Head tilt chin lift is used to open the airway of an unconscious patient if there is no suspicion of a neck or spine injury. The rescuer tilts the patient's head back by lifting the chin and tilting the head backward. This maneuver opens the airway by pulling the tongue away from the back of the throat.

Jaw Thrust

Jaw thrust is used to open the airway of an unconscious patient when there is suspicion of a neck or spine injury. The rescuer places their fingers behind the patient's jawbone and gently lifts the jaw forward, without extending the neck. This maneuver opens the airway by bringing the jaw forward, without tilting the head back.

What's the danger of prolonged suctioning?

Suctioning the airway for more than 15 seconds can cause hypoxia, a condition where the body doesn't receive enough oxygen. This can be dangerous and even lead to death.

Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)

An oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is a curved plastic tube that is inserted into the mouth to keep the airway open. It is typically used in unconscious patients to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. The OPA is sized by measuring the distance from the center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw or from the corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe.

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Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)

A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the nostril into the nasopharynx to keep the airway open. It is typically used in patients who are unconscious but have a gag reflex. The NPA is sized by measuring the distance from the nostril to the tip of the earlobe or the angle of the jaw.

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When and how to use a nasal cannula?

A nasal cannula is a device that delivers supplemental oxygen through the nostrils and is used when the patient is unable to tolerate a mask. The flow rate for a nasal cannula is typically 1-6 liters per minute.

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When and how to use a non-rebreather mask?

A non-rebreather mask is a device that delivers high-flow oxygen to a patient. It is used for patients with severe signs of hypoxia, shortness of breath, chest pain, severe injuries, or an altered mental status. The flow rate for a non-rebreather mask is typically 12-15 liters per minute.

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When and how to use a bag-valve-mask?

A bag-valve-mask (BVM) is a manual breathing device used to ventilate a patient who is not breathing or whose breathing is inadequate. The BVM is connected to an oxygen source and is used to deliver breaths to the patient through a mask. The flow rate for a BVM is typically 15 liters per minute.

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How to ventilate a patient with a stoma?

To ventilate a patient with a stoma, you should use a tracheostomy mask or an adapter that fits over the stoma. The mask or adapter connects to a bag-valve-mask or oxygen source, allowing you to provide positive pressure ventilation.

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Study Notes

Airway Management

  • Unconscious Patient Airway Opening:

    • Head Tilt Chin Lift: Use if no suspected neck/spine injury.
    • Jaw Thrust: Use if suspected neck/spine injury.

  • Airway Suctioning Complications:

    • Prolonged suctioning (>15 seconds) can cause hypoxia, potentially leading to death.

Airway Adjuncts

  • Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA):

    • Insertion Method:
      • Size by measuring from the center of the mouth to the angle of the jaw or from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe.
      • Open mouth with cross-finger technique.
      • Insert with tip toward the roof of the mouth.
      • Rotate 180 degrees; the flange should rest against the mouth.
      • Do not use on conscious patients or those with gag reflexes.

  • Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA):

    • Insertion Method:
      • Size by measuring from the nostril to the earlobe or jaw angle.
      • Use water-based lubricant.
      • Gently push the nose upward and insert the airway with the beveled side toward the base of the nostril or septum.
      • Advance until the flange rests against the nostril.
      • Never force insertion.
      • If unsuccessful, try the other nostril.
    • Contraindication: Suspected head or facial injury.

Oxygen Delivery Devices

  • Nasal Cannula:

    • Use when mask isn't tolerated.
    • Flow rate: 1-6 liters per minute.

  • Non-Rebreather Mask:

    • Preferred for hypoxia, shortness of breath, chest pain, severe injury, or altered mental status.
    • Flow rate: 12-15 liters per minute.

  • Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM):

    • Use for non-breathing patients or those with inadequate respirations.
    • Flow rate: 15 liters per minute.

  • Tracheostomy Mask:

    • Use for patients with stomas.
    • Flow rate: 8-10 liters per minute.

Oxygen Cylinder Information

  • Oxygen Cylinder Sizes:

    • D: 350 liters
    • E: 625 liters
    • M: 3,000 liters

  • Oxygen Regulator Purpose:

    • Lowers high cylinder pressure (too high for patient delivery) to a safe range of 30-70 psi.

Other Respiratory Devices

  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP):
    • Used for pulmonary edema, drowning, asthma, and COPD.

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Description

This quiz covers essential techniques for managing the airway of unconscious patients, including methods for airway opening and suctioning complications. It also details proper insertion techniques for oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. Test your knowledge on critical airway adjuncts and their applications.

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