Airway Management in Anesthesia

The sniffing position helps align the pharyngeal, oral, and laryngeal axes, making intubation easier.

Pre-oxygenation washes out nitrogen from the lungs, increasing the time a patient can safely hold their breath before intubation.

A rapid sequence induction (RSI) uses a specific sequence of medications to ensure a safe and rapid intubation in patients at high risk for aspiration.

Cricoid pressure, also known as the Sellick maneuver, helps prevent regurgitation and aspiration during intubation by compressing the esophagus against the cervical vertebrae.

Succinylcholine is a neuromuscular blocking agent used in RSI to rapidly paralyze the muscles during intubation.

Propofol is an anesthetic agent used in RSI for rapid induction of unconsciousness to facilitate intubation.

Modified RSI allows for one or two breaths with a mask prior to administering the neuromuscular blocking agent to assess the airway.

The “hockey stick” position helps guide the endotracheal tube into the trachea during intubation.

A flexible, curved guide used to help place an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea when direct visualization of the vocal cords is challenging.

The bougie's curved tip helps maneuver around the epiglottis and into the vocal cords, guiding the ETT.

The angled tip allows the operator to feel the tracheal rings, confirming the ETT is in the right place.

Video laryngoscopy provides an indirect view of the vocal cords, enhancing visualization.

A midline approach similar to direct laryngoscopy, but using a video screen for visualization.

A study of multiple studies that showed video laryngoscopy often improved the view of the vocal cords in difficult airway scenarios.

It's essential to use the video laryngoscope as intended, with the provided stylet, approaching from the side.

The Glidescope's technology revolutionized our ability to handle difficult airways.

A technique used to guide an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea using a lighted stylet.

A specialized endotracheal tube with a ring at the proximal end that guides the distal tip.

A small whistle attached to the ETT that produces a sound when near airflow.

A technique using a flexible fiberoptic scope to visualize and guide the ETT into the trachea.

Approach to fiberoptic intubation performed while the patient is awake.

A medication used to decrease saliva before intubation.

A device that retracts the tongue and protects the fiberoptic scope.

An emergency airway technique performed by inserting a catheter through the cricothyroid membrane.

The ability to visualize the trachea's rings using a fiberoptic scope helps determine direction.

Optimizing fiberoptic intubation involves using suction to clear secretions and oxygen to improve visibility and anesthesia.

A method of providing temporary ventilation in an emergency using a face mask and oxygen source.

TTJV is a temporary ventilation method, lasting approximately 20 minutes.

TTJV relies on room air entrainment, meaning it mixes oxygen with room air, resulting in a lower concentration of oxygen in the patient's lungs.

Increasing the I:E ratio during TTJV allows for a longer exhalation time, helping the patient exhale effectively.

Complications of TTJV include barotrauma, subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, arterial perforation, and esophageal puncture.

A medical procedure that creates an opening in the cricothyroid membrane to secure an airway, typically used in emergency situations when intubation is impossible or difficult.

A minimally invasive technique for emergent airway management that involves inserting a needle into the cricothyroid membrane and delivering oxygen via a jet ventilator.

A surgical procedure performed on the cricothyroid membrane with a scalpel to create a larger opening and insert an endotracheal tube.

A minimally invasive technique for establishing an airway that involves inserting a needle or angiocath into the cricothyroid membrane, followed by the placement of a wire and a dilator.

A potential complication of cricothyrotomy that can occur due to improper technique or placement of the airway device, leading to difficulty breathing and potential for serious injury.

A potential complication of cricothyrotomy that can occur due to the insertion of the airway device, leading to air leakage into the surrounding tissues.

A potential complication of cricothyrotomy that can occur due to damage to the vocal cords during the procedure.

A potential complication of cricothyrotomy that can occur due to inadequate oxygenation or obstruction of the airway, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs.

The amount of pressure required to ventilate a patient using a bag-valve-mask (BVM). This pressure is crucial for effective ventilation.

A technique used to ventilate a patient using a BVM. It involves using one hand to hold the mask securely against the face and the other hand to lift the jaw, creating a clear airway.

A condition that makes it difficult to ventilate a patient using a BVM. This can be due to a poor mask seal, excessive gas leakage, or resistance to airflow.

A device used to prevent airway obstruction by lifting the tongue away from the back of the throat. It is often used to help with breathing during spontaneous ventilation.

A device used to open the airway by lifting the tongue away from the back of the throat. It is often used to help with breathing during spontaneous ventilation. It is well tolerated in awake patients.

A medical procedure that involves inserting a blade into the mouth to visualize the larynx and vocal cords. It is typically used for intubation.

A system used to grade the view of the larynx during direct laryngoscopy. It helps to assess the difficulty of intubation.

A maneuver used during laryngoscopy to improve the view of the vocal cords by applying pressure to the thyroid cartilage.

A supraglottic airway device that is inserted into the pharynx to create an airtight seal, allowing for ventilation and intubation.

Refers to the condition of an LMA that has been used multiple times and needs to be checked for damage or wear before being used again.

The process of inserting an LMA into the pharynx. It involves carefully sliding the device along the hard palate until it reaches the desired position.

A specific type of LMA that features a handle for single-handed insertion and can accommodate a larger endotracheal tube.

A flexible, semi-rigid device used to guide an endotracheal tube into the trachea, particularly during difficult intubations.

A condition that makes it difficult to intubate a patient, such as a restricted mouth opening, airway obstruction, or distorted anatomy.

The process of inserting an endotracheal tube into the trachea, typically performed during direct laryngoscopy.