Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of Commercial Service Airports?
What is a characteristic of Commercial Service Airports?
- They have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year. (correct)
- They can only provide general aviation services.
- They primarily serve cargo flights.
- They are exclusively privately-owned.
What does 'landed weight' refer to in the context of Cargo Service Airports?
What does 'landed weight' refer to in the context of Cargo Service Airports?
- The weight of aircraft transporting only cargo. (correct)
- The total weight of aircraft regardless of cargo.
- The weight of aircraft transporting passengers.
- The maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft.
Which type of airport is designated to relieve congestion at Commercial Service Airports?
Which type of airport is designated to relieve congestion at Commercial Service Airports?
- Seaplane Bases
- Cargo Service Airports
- Reliever Airports (correct)
- General Aviation Airports
What distinguishes General Aviation Airports from the other types of airports?
What distinguishes General Aviation Airports from the other types of airports?
What is included in the definition of an airport?
What is included in the definition of an airport?
Seaplane bases are classified under which category of airport?
Seaplane bases are classified under which category of airport?
Which of the following statements about Passenger Boardings is correct?
Which of the following statements about Passenger Boardings is correct?
Which statement accurately describes Cargo Service Airports?
Which statement accurately describes Cargo Service Airports?
What is the primary function of taxiway centerline lead-off lights?
What is the primary function of taxiway centerline lead-off lights?
How far beyond the landing threshold do steady-burning white lights extend?
How far beyond the landing threshold do steady-burning white lights extend?
What color lights are installed for taxiway centerline lead-on lights?
What color lights are installed for taxiway centerline lead-on lights?
What do land and hold short lights indicate?
What do land and hold short lights indicate?
How can a pilot control lighting at selected nontowered airports?
How can a pilot control lighting at selected nontowered airports?
What is the purpose of clearance bar lights?
What is the purpose of clearance bar lights?
What do runway guard lights enhance at taxiway/runway intersections?
What do runway guard lights enhance at taxiway/runway intersections?
What color light is associated with stop bar lights?
What color light is associated with stop bar lights?
What are obstructions marked or lighted to do?
What are obstructions marked or lighted to do?
What is a critical component of the FAA's priority concerning airport safety?
What is a critical component of the FAA's priority concerning airport safety?
What lighting is used for daytime obstruction visibility?
What lighting is used for daytime obstruction visibility?
What indicates a taxiway holding position?
What indicates a taxiway holding position?
Which light color pattern is used for lead-off and lead-on functions?
Which light color pattern is used for lead-off and lead-on functions?
What is the purpose of the enhanced taxiway centerline marking?
What is the purpose of the enhanced taxiway centerline marking?
When should an aircraft hold only at an ILS critical area boundary?
When should an aircraft hold only at an ILS critical area boundary?
What do yellow 'Xs' indicate on runways?
What do yellow 'Xs' indicate on runways?
What color is a mandatory instruction sign at an airport?
What color is a mandatory instruction sign at an airport?
What type of sign identifies a taxiway or runway location?
What type of sign identifies a taxiway or runway location?
Which sign provides information on locating other areas such as terminals?
Which sign provides information on locating other areas such as terminals?
What action should be taken when there are no holding position markings present at a taxiway intersection?
What action should be taken when there are no holding position markings present at a taxiway intersection?
Which of the following describes the purpose of an airport beacon?
Which of the following describes the purpose of an airport beacon?
Which type of sign is black with yellow inscription and no arrows?
Which type of sign is black with yellow inscription and no arrows?
What does a lighted 'X' on a runway signify?
What does a lighted 'X' on a runway signify?
Which type of sign is used to provide information on radio frequencies?
Which type of sign is used to provide information on radio frequencies?
What is the primary color of the direction signs at airports?
What is the primary color of the direction signs at airports?
In the context of airport operations, what do runway distance remaining signs show?
In the context of airport operations, what do runway distance remaining signs show?
What must a pilot do if they cannot comply with LAHSO instructions?
What must a pilot do if they cannot comply with LAHSO instructions?
LAHSO operations are generally not authorized during which of the following conditions?
LAHSO operations are generally not authorized during which of the following conditions?
What color and character format does a taxiway direction sign use?
What color and character format does a taxiway direction sign use?
How are destination signs structured at an airport?
How are destination signs structured at an airport?
What do enhanced taxiway centerline markings indicate?
What do enhanced taxiway centerline markings indicate?
Which statement about ILS critical area signs is true?
Which statement about ILS critical area signs is true?
What happens when a clearance involves holding short of another runway?
What happens when a clearance involves holding short of another runway?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding student pilots and LAHSO?
Which of the following is incorrect regarding student pilots and LAHSO?
When taxiing, where are direction signs typically located?
When taxiing, where are direction signs typically located?
What separates multiple destinations on taxiway signs that share a common taxi route?
What separates multiple destinations on taxiway signs that share a common taxi route?
How can you identify a runway holding position sign?
How can you identify a runway holding position sign?
What is the purpose of LAHSO operations?
What is the purpose of LAHSO operations?
Which color is NOT associated with taxiway direction signs?
Which color is NOT associated with taxiway direction signs?
What color are the Runway Status Lights (RWSL) when it is unsafe to enter a runway?
What color are the Runway Status Lights (RWSL) when it is unsafe to enter a runway?
What do Takeoff Hold Lights (THL) indicate to pilots?
What do Takeoff Hold Lights (THL) indicate to pilots?
What color flashes identify a military airport?
What color flashes identify a military airport?
Which visual indicator can help pilots determine wind direction when ATC is not available?
Which visual indicator can help pilots determine wind direction when ATC is not available?
Which visual glidepath system provides two glidepaths?
Which visual glidepath system provides two glidepaths?
At airports without a control tower, a segmented circle visual indicator provides information on what?
At airports without a control tower, a segmented circle visual indicator provides information on what?
Which runway status light provides warnings to aircraft crossing or entering a runway?
Which runway status light provides warnings to aircraft crossing or entering a runway?
What do the runway centerline lights display when viewed from the landing threshold for the last 3,000 feet?
What do the runway centerline lights display when viewed from the landing threshold for the last 3,000 feet?
How can pilots estimate wind velocity in addition to direction?
How can pilots estimate wind velocity in addition to direction?
Which type of lighting is used to indicate the touchdown zone on some precision approach runways?
Which type of lighting is used to indicate the touchdown zone on some precision approach runways?
What is the typical traffic pattern altitude for propeller-driven aircraft?
What is the typical traffic pattern altitude for propeller-driven aircraft?
What is the recommended pattern altitude for traffic patterns?
What is the recommended pattern altitude for traffic patterns?
What color light indicates that a pilot is on the glidepath in a typical VASI system?
What color light indicates that a pilot is on the glidepath in a typical VASI system?
What is the primary purpose of approach light systems?
What is the primary purpose of approach light systems?
What is the function of landing strip indicators?
What is the function of landing strip indicators?
When should a pilot commence the turn to the crosswind leg if remaining in the traffic pattern?
When should a pilot commence the turn to the crosswind leg if remaining in the traffic pattern?
What is the appropriate action after takeoff or a go-around?
What is the appropriate action after takeoff or a go-around?
When should pilots consult wind direction indicators even if ATC provides information?
When should pilots consult wind direction indicators even if ATC provides information?
What type of lights outline the edges of runways during night operations?
What type of lights outline the edges of runways during night operations?
What special care should be taken when using a tetrahedron at airports with control towers?
What special care should be taken when using a tetrahedron at airports with control towers?
How is a 'below glidepath' condition indicated in a tri-color visual approach slope indicator system?
How is a 'below glidepath' condition indicated in a tri-color visual approach slope indicator system?
What spacing is used in the 8.33 kHz channel plan implemented in certain countries?
What spacing is used in the 8.33 kHz channel plan implemented in certain countries?
Which VASI installation provides visual glidepath and obstruction clearance primarily within 10° of the runway centerline?
Which VASI installation provides visual glidepath and obstruction clearance primarily within 10° of the runway centerline?
What should a pilot do if they experience a malfunction of their radio before landing at a towered airport?
What should a pilot do if they experience a malfunction of their radio before landing at a towered airport?
Where are traffic pattern indicators typically installed?
Where are traffic pattern indicators typically installed?
Which of the following is NOT a type of wind direction indicator?
Which of the following is NOT a type of wind direction indicator?
What type of communication capability is required to operate at a towered airport?
What type of communication capability is required to operate at a towered airport?
What is the function of runway end identifier lights (REIL)?
What is the function of runway end identifier lights (REIL)?
When entering the traffic pattern, where should a pilot be at pattern altitude?
When entering the traffic pattern, where should a pilot be at pattern altitude?
What should pilots do regarding traffic patterns during flight?
What should pilots do regarding traffic patterns during flight?
What type of lighting indicates when an aircraft is 'slightly below glidepath' in a pulsating VASI?
What type of lighting indicates when an aircraft is 'slightly below glidepath' in a pulsating VASI?
In what configuration do traffic pattern indicators appear?
In what configuration do traffic pattern indicators appear?
What type of information do aeronautical charts provide about airports?
What type of information do aeronautical charts provide about airports?
Which type of lighting system helps pilots during adverse visibility conditions on some precision approach runways?
Which type of lighting system helps pilots during adverse visibility conditions on some precision approach runways?
What is the correct response if an aircraft is departing the traffic pattern?
What is the correct response if an aircraft is departing the traffic pattern?
Which type of radio is most commonly used in general aviation?
Which type of radio is most commonly used in general aviation?
How often is the Chart Supplement U.S. published and revised?
How often is the Chart Supplement U.S. published and revised?
What color lights are used at the end of runways to indicate the conclusion of the runway?
What color lights are used at the end of runways to indicate the conclusion of the runway?
Why was the 8.33 kHz channel plan adopted by ICAO?
Why was the 8.33 kHz channel plan adopted by ICAO?
What key type of information is included in NOTAMs?
What key type of information is included in NOTAMs?
What visual indicator is typically used to signify 'above glidepath' in a tri-color visual approach slope indicator?
What visual indicator is typically used to signify 'above glidepath' in a tri-color visual approach slope indicator?
What does ATIS stand for and what is its primary purpose?
What does ATIS stand for and what is its primary purpose?
What should a pilot use when communicating with ATC?
What should a pilot use when communicating with ATC?
What does the ATIS code signify when a pilot makes initial contact with air traffic control?
What does the ATIS code signify when a pilot makes initial contact with air traffic control?
What action is prohibited when completing a turn to final in a traffic pattern?
What action is prohibited when completing a turn to final in a traffic pattern?
Which of the following options is NOT a common source of airport data?
Which of the following options is NOT a common source of airport data?
When should a pilot maintain pattern altitude during a downwind leg?
When should a pilot maintain pattern altitude during a downwind leg?
Why is it important for pilots to review NOTAMs before a flight?
Why is it important for pilots to review NOTAMs before a flight?
What is the recommended action if a pilot loses communication?
What is the recommended action if a pilot loses communication?
What is the purpose of surface painted runway holding position signs?
What is the purpose of surface painted runway holding position signs?
What kind of markings and signs are used at airports?
What kind of markings and signs are used at airports?
What information may you find in a Chart Supplement U.S. that is not specific to airport operations?
What information may you find in a Chart Supplement U.S. that is not specific to airport operations?
When is it permissible to taxi past a runway holding position sign at a nontowered airport?
When is it permissible to taxi past a runway holding position sign at a nontowered airport?
When is the ATIS information typically updated?
When is the ATIS information typically updated?
What do the markings consist of at the runway holding position?
What do the markings consist of at the runway holding position?
What does the term 'squawk' refer to in transponder operation?
What does the term 'squawk' refer to in transponder operation?
Which transponder mode is activated for automatic altitude reporting?
Which transponder mode is activated for automatic altitude reporting?
What does the runway distance remaining sign indicate?
What does the runway distance remaining sign indicate?
What is the benefit of using ATIS before calling air traffic control?
What is the benefit of using ATIS before calling air traffic control?
What is indicated by runway numbers at an airport?
What is indicated by runway numbers at an airport?
The term 'STOP SQUAWK' is used to indicate what action?
The term 'STOP SQUAWK' is used to indicate what action?
Which description accurately states the runway designation marking rules?
Which description accurately states the runway designation marking rules?
What action must you take before crossing the double solid lines at a runway holding position?
What action must you take before crossing the double solid lines at a runway holding position?
Which publication would you refer to for an example of runway markings?
Which publication would you refer to for an example of runway markings?
What is the main purpose of Automatic Dependent Surveillance−Broadcast (ADS-B)?
What is the main purpose of Automatic Dependent Surveillance−Broadcast (ADS-B)?
What frequency do ADS-B equipped aircraft typically exchange information on?
What frequency do ADS-B equipped aircraft typically exchange information on?
What must you do if you receive a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?
What must you do if you receive a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?
Why are surface markings and signs important for pilots at airports?
Why are surface markings and signs important for pilots at airports?
Under what condition can you cross the runway holding position markings when exiting the runway?
Under what condition can you cross the runway holding position markings when exiting the runway?
Which transponder code is used for emergency situations in civil aviation?
Which transponder code is used for emergency situations in civil aviation?
What information is provided to pilots during traffic advisories?
What information is provided to pilots during traffic advisories?
What minimum conditions are required to receive a LAHSO clearance?
What minimum conditions are required to receive a LAHSO clearance?
What should a pilot do before accepting a LAHSO clearance?
What should a pilot do before accepting a LAHSO clearance?
What is a common risk associated with wake turbulence generated by large aircraft?
What is a common risk associated with wake turbulence generated by large aircraft?
What should you observe when getting ready to cross or taxi onto the runway?
What should you observe when getting ready to cross or taxi onto the runway?
What is the purpose of Traffic Information Services-Broadcast (TIS-B) in the ADS-B system?
What is the purpose of Traffic Information Services-Broadcast (TIS-B) in the ADS-B system?
What does 'SQUAWK VFR' command the transponder to do?
What does 'SQUAWK VFR' command the transponder to do?
What is a relocated threshold?
What is a relocated threshold?
How are parallel runways designated differently?
How are parallel runways designated differently?
What does the term 'Traffic Advisories' refer to?
What does the term 'Traffic Advisories' refer to?
How are parallel runways identified?
How are parallel runways identified?
Which of the following is true about runway holding position signs?
Which of the following is true about runway holding position signs?
What indicates that you have completely crossed the runway when exiting?
What indicates that you have completely crossed the runway when exiting?
What purpose does the runway safety area (RSA) serve?
What purpose does the runway safety area (RSA) serve?
When 'SQUAWK Low/Normal' is mentioned, what action is being commanded?
When 'SQUAWK Low/Normal' is mentioned, what action is being commanded?
What additional feature does the 1090 MHz frequency provide for transponder operations?
What additional feature does the 1090 MHz frequency provide for transponder operations?
What is indicated by the yellow arrowheads placed on the runway?
What is indicated by the yellow arrowheads placed on the runway?
What color and dimensions define a standard threshold bar?
What color and dimensions define a standard threshold bar?
Which sign is used to indicate a runway holding position?
Which sign is used to indicate a runway holding position?
What is the primary function of a displaced threshold?
What is the primary function of a displaced threshold?
What is one characteristic of the runway safety area boundary sign?
What is one characteristic of the runway safety area boundary sign?
What happens when a portion of the runway is closed and the threshold is relocated?
What happens when a portion of the runway is closed and the threshold is relocated?
What visual cue helps pilots recognize they're clear of the runway safety boundary area?
What visual cue helps pilots recognize they're clear of the runway safety boundary area?
What is marked on the runway to indicate a taxiway's intersection with a runway?
What is marked on the runway to indicate a taxiway's intersection with a runway?
What are the directional letters added to runway numbers in parallel runways?
What are the directional letters added to runway numbers in parallel runways?
When should an aircraft not enter the runway safety area?
When should an aircraft not enter the runway safety area?
What should a pilot do if both receiver and transmitter are inoperative?
What should a pilot do if both receiver and transmitter are inoperative?
How can a pilot acknowledge ATC transmissions during daylight hours?
How can a pilot acknowledge ATC transmissions during daylight hours?
Which statement is true regarding radar signals?
Which statement is true regarding radar signals?
What does a steady green light signal indicate for aircraft in flight?
What does a steady green light signal indicate for aircraft in flight?
What is a primary function of the transponder in the ATC radar beacon system?
What is a primary function of the transponder in the ATC radar beacon system?
What should a pilot do when communicating with ATC is not possible?
What should a pilot do when communicating with ATC is not possible?
Which type of radar provides better visibility around mountainous terrain?
Which type of radar provides better visibility around mountainous terrain?
What does a flashing red signal indicate for vehicles on the ground?
What does a flashing red signal indicate for vehicles on the ground?
Which statement is incorrect regarding no radio communications at non-towered airports?
Which statement is incorrect regarding no radio communications at non-towered airports?
What does the ATC Radar Beacon System assist with?
What does the ATC Radar Beacon System assist with?
What action should be taken if ATC allows a VFR departure without two-way communication?
What action should be taken if ATC allows a VFR departure without two-way communication?
Which characteristic of radio waves can cause them to not travel in a straight line?
Which characteristic of radio waves can cause them to not travel in a straight line?
What is the function of the 'alternating red and green' light signal?
What is the function of the 'alternating red and green' light signal?
How many possible codes can a transponder transmit?
How many possible codes can a transponder transmit?
What happens when radar signals encounter heavy precipitation?
What happens when radar signals encounter heavy precipitation?
What defines a towered airport?
What defines a towered airport?
What characterizes a nontowered airport?
What characterizes a nontowered airport?
Which statement about Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) is true?
Which statement about Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) is true?
What is a private airport?
What is a private airport?
When approaching a nontowered airport, what is the preferred method of entering the traffic pattern?
When approaching a nontowered airport, what is the preferred method of entering the traffic pattern?
What is the primary responsibility of Air Traffic Control (ATC) at towered airports?
What is the primary responsibility of Air Traffic Control (ATC) at towered airports?
What should pilots do if they cannot comply with ATC instructions?
What should pilots do if they cannot comply with ATC instructions?
What is a common safety practice when flying in the pattern of a nontowered airport?
What is a common safety practice when flying in the pattern of a nontowered airport?
How high should pilots remain above the traffic pattern altitude when large or turbine aircraft are present?
How high should pilots remain above the traffic pattern altitude when large or turbine aircraft are present?
What does UNICOM do at a nontowered airport?
What does UNICOM do at a nontowered airport?
What is a disadvantage of nontowered airports compared to towered airports?
What is a disadvantage of nontowered airports compared to towered airports?
Which is NOT a type of airport mentioned?
Which is NOT a type of airport mentioned?
How should a pilot handle a radio communication failure at a nontowered airport?
How should a pilot handle a radio communication failure at a nontowered airport?
What is the significance of pattern altitude, usually specified at nontowered airports?
What is the significance of pattern altitude, usually specified at nontowered airports?
What is the recommended speed range for fixed-gear singles in the traffic pattern?
What is the recommended speed range for fixed-gear singles in the traffic pattern?
Flashcards
What are Commercial Service Airports?
What are Commercial Service Airports?
Publicly owned airports with at least 2,500 passenger boardings per year, offering scheduled passenger service.
What are 'Enplanements'?
What are 'Enplanements'?
Another term for passenger boardings at airports with scheduled passenger service.
What is a Cargo Service Airport?
What is a Cargo Service Airport?
Airports primarily focused on cargo transportation, handling over 100 million pounds of cargo annually.
What is a Reliever Airport?
What is a Reliever Airport?
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What are General Aviation Airports?
What are General Aviation Airports?
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What are the 5 categories of airports?
What are the 5 categories of airports?
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What is an Airport?
What is an Airport?
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What is 'Landed Weight'?
What is 'Landed Weight'?
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What is the largest group of airports in the U.S.?
What is the largest group of airports in the U.S.?
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What are the two main types of airports?
What are the two main types of airports?
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What is ATC responsible for?
What is ATC responsible for?
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What is required from pilots at towered airports?
What is required from pilots at towered airports?
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What is a CTAF?
What is a CTAF?
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What is UNICOM?
What is UNICOM?
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What does CTAF stand for?
What does CTAF stand for?
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What is the preferred method for entering a nontowered airport pattern from downwind?
What is the preferred method for entering a nontowered airport pattern from downwind?
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What are the key communication procedures at a UNICOM station?
What are the key communication procedures at a UNICOM station?
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What is the recommended altitude for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
What is the recommended altitude for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
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What is the preferred method for entering a nontowered airport pattern from upwind?
What is the preferred method for entering a nontowered airport pattern from upwind?
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What is the recommended speed for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
What is the recommended speed for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
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What are the recommended procedures for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
What are the recommended procedures for entering a nontowered airport pattern?
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What is the recommended speed on the downwind leg of a nontowered airport pattern?
What is the recommended speed on the downwind leg of a nontowered airport pattern?
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Aeronautical Chart
Aeronautical Chart
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Chart Supplement U.S.
Chart Supplement U.S.
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NOTAM
NOTAM
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ATIS
ATIS
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What is ATIS code used for?
What is ATIS code used for?
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Airport Markings
Airport Markings
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Airport Signs
Airport Signs
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Runway Markings
Runway Markings
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What is the purpose of Runway Numbers?
What is the purpose of Runway Numbers?
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What is the purpose of Airport Diagrams?
What is the purpose of Airport Diagrams?
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What are LAHSO operations?
What are LAHSO operations?
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What is EFAS?
What is EFAS?
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What is the purpose of the NOTAM System?
What is the purpose of the NOTAM System?
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What is the importance of information in the Chart Supplement U.S.?
What is the importance of information in the Chart Supplement U.S.?
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Parallel Runways
Parallel Runways
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Relocated Runway Threshold
Relocated Runway Threshold
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Relocated Threshold Marking
Relocated Threshold Marking
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Closed Runway Section
Closed Runway Section
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Displaced Threshold
Displaced Threshold
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Displaced Threshold Marking
Displaced Threshold Marking
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Runway Safety Area (RSA)
Runway Safety Area (RSA)
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RSA Dimensions
RSA Dimensions
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RSA Marking
RSA Marking
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Runway Safety Area Boundary Sign
Runway Safety Area Boundary Sign
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Runway Holding Position Sign
Runway Holding Position Sign
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Runway Holding Position Sign Placement
Runway Holding Position Sign Placement
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Runway Holding Position Sign - Multiple Runways
Runway Holding Position Sign - Multiple Runways
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Taxiway/Runway Intersection Caution
Taxiway/Runway Intersection Caution
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Hot Spot
Hot Spot
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Airport Beacons
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Approach Lights
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Visual Glideslope Indicators
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Tri-Color System
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Pulsating VASI
Pulsating VASI
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Runway Edge Lights
Runway Edge Lights
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HIRL
HIRL
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MIRL
MIRL
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LIRL
LIRL
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TDZL
TDZL
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LAHSO
LAHSO
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When are LAHSO authorized?
When are LAHSO authorized?
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What are the responsibilities of a pilot during LAHSO?
What are the responsibilities of a pilot during LAHSO?
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Taxiway Direction Sign
Taxiway Direction Sign
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'Hold Short' Clearance
'Hold Short' Clearance
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Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking
Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking
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Destination Signs
Destination Signs
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ILS Critical Area
ILS Critical Area
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ILS Critical Area Hold Sign
ILS Critical Area Hold Sign
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ILS Critical Area Hold Position Markings
ILS Critical Area Hold Position Markings
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What to do when instructed to 'hold short' of the ILS critical area?
What to do when instructed to 'hold short' of the ILS critical area?
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When can you bypass the ILS critical area hold position markings?
When can you bypass the ILS critical area hold position markings?
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Taxiway Location Sign
Taxiway Location Sign
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Runway Holding Position Sign and Markings for LAHSO
Runway Holding Position Sign and Markings for LAHSO
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Runway Holding Position Marking
Runway Holding Position Marking
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When can you taxi past a runway holding position sign without ATC clearance?
When can you taxi past a runway holding position sign without ATC clearance?
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What happens if you don't comply with runway holding position markings?
What happens if you don't comply with runway holding position markings?
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What are runway distance remaining signs?
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What is the purpose of runway designation markings?
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What is the difference between runway numbers and letters?
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What are Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)?
What are Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)?
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What is a LAHSO holding position?
What is a LAHSO holding position?
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As a pilot, do you always have to accept a LAHSO clearance?
As a pilot, do you always have to accept a LAHSO clearance?
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What are the visibility requirements for issuing a LAHSO clearance?
What are the visibility requirements for issuing a LAHSO clearance?
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What if you receive "cleared to land" instructions from ATC while on a LAHSO clearance?
What if you receive "cleared to land" instructions from ATC while on a LAHSO clearance?
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What happens if you accept a LAHSO clearance?
What happens if you accept a LAHSO clearance?
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What is the importance of runway holding position signs in LAHSO?
What is the importance of runway holding position signs in LAHSO?
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What is the purpose of Runway Distance Remaining Signs?
What is the purpose of Runway Distance Remaining Signs?
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ILS Critical Area Boundary
ILS Critical Area Boundary
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Taxiway/Taxiway Intersection Holding Position Markings
Taxiway/Taxiway Intersection Holding Position Markings
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Permanently Closed Runway/Taxiway Markings
Permanently Closed Runway/Taxiway Markings
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Temporarily Closed Runway/Taxiway Markings
Temporarily Closed Runway/Taxiway Markings
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Mandatory Instruction Signs
Mandatory Instruction Signs
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Location Signs
Location Signs
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Direction Signs
Direction Signs
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Information Signs
Information Signs
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Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Runway Distance Remaining Signs
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Runway Lights
Runway Lights
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Taxiway Centerline Lead-Off Lights
Taxiway Centerline Lead-Off Lights
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Taxiway Centerline Lead-On Lights
Taxiway Centerline Lead-On Lights
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Land and Hold Short Lights
Land and Hold Short Lights
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How is airport lighting controlled?
How is airport lighting controlled?
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Omnidirectional Taxiway Lights
Omnidirectional Taxiway Lights
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Taxiway Centerline Lights
Taxiway Centerline Lights
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Clearance Bar Lights
Clearance Bar Lights
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Runway Guard Lights
Runway Guard Lights
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Stop Bar Lights
Stop Bar Lights
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Obstruction Lights
Obstruction Lights
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What is the FAA's top priority regarding airport lighting?
What is the FAA's top priority regarding airport lighting?
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RWSL System
RWSL System
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Runway Entrance Lights (REL)
Runway Entrance Lights (REL)
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Takeoff Hold Lights (THL)
Takeoff Hold Lights (THL)
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Wind Direction Indicators
Wind Direction Indicators
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Wind Sock
Wind Sock
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Segmented Circle
Segmented Circle
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Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron
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Landing Strip Indicators
Landing Strip Indicators
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Traffic Pattern Indicators
Traffic Pattern Indicators
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Traffic Pattern Altitude
Traffic Pattern Altitude
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Traffic Pattern Operations
Traffic Pattern Operations
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Key to Traffic Pattern Operations
Key to Traffic Pattern Operations
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Single Runway Pattern
Single Runway Pattern
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What happens if your transmitter becomes inoperative?
What happens if your transmitter becomes inoperative?
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What to do if both your receiver and transmitter fail?
What to do if both your receiver and transmitter fail?
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Phonetic alphabet
Phonetic alphabet
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Morse code
Morse code
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Light signals
Light signals
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Primary Radar
Primary Radar
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What are the limitations of Primary Radar?
What are the limitations of Primary Radar?
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ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast)
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ATCRBS (ATC Radar Beacon System)
ATCRBS (ATC Radar Beacon System)
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Transponder
Transponder
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Transponder code
Transponder code
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What are some of the advantages of ADS-B over ATCRBS?
What are some of the advantages of ADS-B over ATCRBS?
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Why is it important to be extra vigilant when operating without a radio at non-towered airports?
Why is it important to be extra vigilant when operating without a radio at non-towered airports?
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What is 'SQUAWK'?
What is 'SQUAWK'?
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What are the different 'SQUAWK' commands?
What are the different 'SQUAWK' commands?
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What is ADS-B?
What is ADS-B?
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What is the purpose of Radar Traffic Advisories?
What is the purpose of Radar Traffic Advisories?
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What is the 12-hour clock reference?
What is the 12-hour clock reference?
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What are TRSAs?
What are TRSAs?
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What is Wake Turbulence?
What is Wake Turbulence?
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What is Mode C?
What is Mode C?
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What is 'IDENT'?
What is 'IDENT'?
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What is 1090ES?
What is 1090ES?
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What is 'SQUAWK Standby'?
What is 'SQUAWK Standby'?
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What is 'SQUAWK Mayday'?
What is 'SQUAWK Mayday'?
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What is 'SQUAWK VFR'?
What is 'SQUAWK VFR'?
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What is 'STOP SQUAWK'?
What is 'STOP SQUAWK'?
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Pattern Altitude
Pattern Altitude
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Downwind Leg
Downwind Leg
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Base Leg
Base Leg
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Crosswind Leg
Crosswind Leg
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Final Approach
Final Approach
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No Transgression Zone
No Transgression Zone
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Departing a Traffic Pattern
Departing a Traffic Pattern
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Radio License
Radio License
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VHF Radio
VHF Radio
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8.33 kHz Channel Spacing
8.33 kHz Channel Spacing
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Lost Communication Procedures
Lost Communication Procedures
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UNICOM
UNICOM
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Study Notes
Airport Operations
- Airports range from small sod fields to large carrier complexes.
- Airports are defined as any land or water area used or intended for aircraft landing/takeoff, encompassing seaplane bases, heliports, and tiltrotor facilities. Also includes airport buildings, facilities, and rights of way.
- Airports are categorized by activity:
- Commercial Service: Publicly owned, 2,500+ passenger boardings annually, scheduled passenger service (including international layovers for non-passenger activities, like refueling). Enplanements are also used to denote passenger boardings
- Cargo Service: Airports served by cargo-only aircraft with >100 million lb annual landed weight.
- Reliever: Designated by FAA to relieve commercial airport congestion, improve general aviation access.
- General Aviation: Remainder of airports in U.S.; largest category; includes private, public-use airports, with 2,500+ annual passenger boardings and scheduled service.
Types of Airports
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Airports are categorized as towered or non-towered.
- Civil: Open to the general public.
- Military/Federal: Operated by military, NASA, or other federal agencies.
- Private: Restricted use, not open to the general public.
Towered Airport
- Has an operating control tower.
- Air Traffic Control (ATC) manages air traffic flow.
- Pilots must communicate with ATC via two-way radio, follow instructions, and report deviations, even in emergencies.
Non-Towered Airport
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Lacks a control tower.
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Two-way radio communication is not mandatory but recommended.
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Pilots should use the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) to communicate intentions.
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Frequencies for CTAF are identified in aviation publications (UNICOM, MULTICOM, Flight Service Station (FSS), or tower frequency).
- UNICOM: Provides weather, wind, runway recommendations, etc.; available at public use airports without a tower or FSS.
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Entry patterns at standard altitude (normally 1,500 ft AGL) – 2,000 ft AGL if large or turbine aircraft operate at the airport.
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Entry points (downwind side): 45° approach to the downwind leg; join at midfield.
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Entry from the upwind side: Announce intentions, cross midfield at least 500 ft above pattern altitude.
Recommended Communication Procedures
- Table summarizing communication procedures at various airport facilities (no tower or UNICOM; no tower or FSS; no tower or UNICOM/FSS closed) before taxiing, 10 miles out, entering downwind, base, and final, leaving a runway.
Airport Data Sources
- Aeronautical Charts: Specific airport information.
- Chart Supplement U.S.: Comprehensive airport, heliport, and seaplane base data, revised every 56 days, available digitally and in printed format. Lists special notices, FAA and NWS contacts, IFR/VFR routing, VOR checkpoints, NOTAMs, land and hold short operations, airport diagrams, EFAS, and facility phone numbers.
- Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs): Temporary or time-critical information affecting flights; includes taxiway/runway closures, construction, navigation aid changes, etc. Pilots should always check NOTAMs before every flight.
- Automated Terminal Information Service (ATIS): Recorded local weather, non-control information (runways in use, ATC procedures, construction) updated hourly or more frequently, ATIS Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. are identifiers for recorded broadcasts.
Airport Markings and Signs
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Airport markings and signs are used for surface navigation.
- Runway markings vary based on VFR operations (centerline, runway numbers, parallel runways with letters (L,C,R))
- Relocated threshold: White bar to mark the new threshold, yellow arrowheads prior to the threshold bar.
- Displaced threshold: White threshold bar, white arrows on the runway.
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Runway Safety Area (RSA): Defined area surrounding a runway to reduce damage in undershoots, overshoots, or excursions. Dimensions given by AC 150/5300-13.
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Runway holding position signs and markings: Red/white painted signs and lines instructing taxiing aircraft to stop to prevent runway incursions (towered/non-towered airport procedures).
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Runway distance remaining signs (black background, white numbers): Indicate landing distance remaining in thousands of feet.
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Runway designation markings: Runway numbers/letters determining from approach direction (parallel runways using letters L, R, or C).
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Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO): ATC procedure for simultaneous operations on intersecting runways. Pilots must comply or obtain an exemption.
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Taxiway markings and signs: Yellow background, black characters (indication of taxiway designation, direction, and intersection directions with arrows).
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Destination signs (yellow background, black characters and arrows): Indicate taxi routes to airports, terminals. cargo, and military areas.
Airport Lighting
- Airport lighting is standardized by the use of light colours.
- Airport beacons are normally used from dusk to dawn, or when VFR minimums are met (ceiling below 1,000 ft or ground visibility below 3 miles).
- Civilian land airports: Flashing white and green.
- Water airports: Flashing white and yellow.
- Heliports: Flashing white, yellow, and green.
- Military airports: Two quick white flashes alternating with a green flash.
- Approach light systems: Facilitate transitions from instrument to visual flight for landing (precision/nonprecision runways).
- Visual Glideslope Indicators (VASI): Provide glidepath information (Obstruction clearance, specify touchdown points on runways)
- 2-bar VASI: One glidepath at 3° angle.
- 3-bar VASI: Two glidepaths (lower at 3°, upper ¼ degree above.)
- Other Glidepath Systems (PAPI): Lights in a single row.
- Runway Lighting (REIL, runway edge lights, in-runway, taxiways): Identifying elements of runway complex.
Wind Direction Indicators
- Wind information is provided by ATC, FSS personnel, or remote communication outlets, or indirectly via CTAF (at airports with appropriate infrastructure capacities).
- For those without these services, visual wind indicators are used (wind cones, wind socks, tetrahedrons, wind tees).
Traffic Patterns
- Traffic patterns vary at airports with and without operating towers
- Pattern altitudes for propeller-driven aircraft generally range from 600 ft to 1,500 ft AGL. Traffic pattern altitudes for military turbojet aircraft sometimes extend up to 2,500 ft AGL.
- Pilots should check the Chart Supplement U.S. for traffic pattern altitudes.
- At airports without control towers, segmented circles, if installed, provide pattern information with wind/landing indicators, strip indicator, and traffic indicators.
Radio Communications
- Pilots operating at towered airports (and in many parts of the airspace system) require two-way radio communication.
- Radio station license requirements and procedures should be understood. International operations require a restricted radiotelephone permit from the FCC (Federal Communications Commission). General aviation aircraft are usually exempt from station license requirement, unless other circumstances apply.
- VHF radios (720 or 760 channels) are common.
- ICAO adopted 8.33 kHz channel spacing for VHF ATC channels to address shortages; applicable to western Europe and UK.
- Radio phraseology and procedures are key for safe and efficient operations. The Pilot/Controller glossary in the AIM is a helpful resource.
- Pilots must know how to handle lost communication situations (with or without tower).
Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services
- Primary Radar: Range, azimuth, and elevation information on objects, but it has limitations regarding maintaining a continuous position update for any part of the aircraft under non-control conditions.
- ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS/Secondary Surveillance Radar): Consists of an interrogator, transponder, and radarscope. Reinforces radar targets, allows rapid target identification, and provides a unique display of selected codes.
- Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B): More accurate and rapid surveillance in the National Airspace System (NAS) by broadcasting aircraft position information to ground stations and nearby ADS-B equipped aircraft. Includes 1090ES and UAT.
Wake Turbulence
- All aircraft generate wake turbulence.
- Wake from larger aircraft poses problems to encountering aircraft. Pilots must anticipate wake turbulence and adjust flight paths.
Other Markings/Signs
- Other airport markings, including vehicle roadway markings, VOR receiver checkpoint markings, and non-movement area boundary markings, are discussed (their general layout and location on airport markings).
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on various types of airports and their characteristics with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as cargo service airports, commercial service airports, and general aviation airports. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand airport definitions and classifications.
