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Questions and Answers

Which factor contributes to the failure of standalone LCCs in Australia?

  • Extensive cooperation among competitors
  • Advanced aircraft technology
  • Limited airport access (correct)
  • High demand for air travel

What is a primary issue faced by airlines regarding trip costs?

  • Costs predominantly incurred during flight.
  • High operating expenses leading to bankruptcy.
  • Revenue maximization by selling below average cost. (correct)
  • Dependence on government subsidies.

Why did the International Air Services Commission refuse Qantas's application to codeshare with Garuda?

  • The application was incomplete and not properly submitted.
  • Concerns about flight safety standards.
  • Potential reduction of competition between them. (correct)
  • Lack of market demand for the route.

What type of regulation applies to airports in Australia post-privatization?

<p>Light touch regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned that limits the success of large LCCs in small markets like Australia?

<p>High ticket prices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two key variables to consider when designing terminal facilities?

<p>Space per passenger and maximum waiting time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an airport customer category?

<p>Retail tenants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IATA use benchmarking for in relation to airports?

<p>To understand an airport's baseline goals regarding service offerings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'Baggage processing' in relation to airport products?

<p>Non-aero product related to service quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of designing airport terminal facilities with respect to service level?

<p>To achieve an optimum service level and avoid over or under provisioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of pieces of baggage a passenger brings?

<p>1.2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consequence of baggage delays or losses?

<p>Reduction in customer satisfaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of baggage handling system does the B737 primarily use?

<p>Loose baggage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key performance indicator (KPI) is mentioned for managing baggage handling?

<p>Baggage mishandled per 1000 passengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for ensuring efficiency in baggage handling operations?

<p>Understanding potential bottlenecks in the process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LAGS stand for in the context of aviation security?

<p>Large Automated Gate System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical ramp activity at airports?

<p>Passenger screening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aircraft features is associated with the Airbus A380?

<p>Can carry 853 passengers in an all economy configuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Pan-Pan call from pilots?

<p>To notify about an urgent situation regarding safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of aviation safety, compliance involves oversight from which organizations?

<p>CASA and AMS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the events of 9/11 have on aviation security?

<p>Increased industry costs due to enhanced measures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Local Standby response at an airport?

<p>Involves airport-based agencies only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of the enhanced screening technology implemented post-9/11?

<p>Increased costs to maintain older technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ABTs commonly referred to in the context of baggage?

<p>Automated baggage tags (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of barcodes in baggage tags?

<p>To represent data linked to a bag (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of barcode is described as one-dimensional?

<p>Parallel line barcode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are in-line arrays utilized in reading barcode baggage tags?

<p>They utilize multiple lasers for better angle reading (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the components of at Ultra High Frequency RFID systems?

<p>Interrogator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of the baggage process poses low chances for errors, according to the information provided?

<p>Passenger handover to airline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology does Delta utilize during the loading of bags into the aircraft?

<p>RFID readers integrated into belt loaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the baggage system is considered to potentially improve accuracy for locating bags?

<p>Utilizing RFID technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor affecting passenger spending in airport terminals?

<p>Terminal shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which terminal shape is associated with a centralized retail area and good passenger flow?

<p>Midfield Concourse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does dwell time affect passenger spending in airports?

<p>More dwell time increases the likelihood of exploring and spending. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Transporter terminal shape?

<p>Common in low-cost carrier terminals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Satellite terminal shape?

<p>Multiple exit points (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative aspect of the Finger Pier terminal shape?

<p>Longer walking distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which passenger behavior is affected by the inability to leave the airport once checked in?

<p>Increased impulse buying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do the shapes of airport terminals have on passenger flow?

<p>Terminal shapes can optimize both efficiency and retail opportunities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

LCC Success Factors

Low-cost carriers (LCCs) succeed in large markets with high passenger volume, like Europe.

LCC Failure in Australia

Low-cost carriers often fail in Australia due to smaller market size, complex geography, and limited airport access.

Airlines' Cost Structure

Most of an airline's costs are incurred before any passengers board the plane.

International Air Service Regulation (Australia)

International flight rights are limited to specific airports in Australia and allocated by the International Air Services Commission.

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Airport Competition Regulation (Australia)

Airport competition is regulated in Australia, often with a light-touch approach focused on preventing monopolies, led by the ACCC.

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Airport Customers

People or organizations who use airport facilities.

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Airport Products

Services and facilities available at an airport, categorized by aero and non-aero.

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Level of Service

Quality of airport offerings, considering space and waiting times.

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Benchmarking (Airports)

Comparing an airport to others to find ways to improve offerings.

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Optimal Service Level (Airport)

The ideal balance between space and waiting time for passengers.

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Passenger and baggage screening

The process of checking passengers and their luggage for security reasons using technology like CT scans, x-rays, and scanners.

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Enhanced security measures

Strengthened security protocols and procedures put in place after significant events, like 9/11.

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Aerobridges

Connected walkways that link aircraft to terminals for boarding and disembarking.

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Ramp activities

Various tasks involved in the ground handling of aircraft, including towing, catering, cleaning, and maintenance.

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May-Day call

An urgent call indicating imminent danger to an aircraft and its occupants.

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Pan-Pan call

An urgent transmission concerning a safety issue related to an aircraft, but not as serious as a May-Day call.

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Airbus A380

A large passenger airliner known for its size, carrying many passengers and having significant wiring.

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Baggage Handling System (BHS)

A specialized transport system within airports that moves checked baggage from check-in to loading areas and back to baggage claim.

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Baggage Handling Importance

Efficient baggage handling is crucial for passenger satisfaction, minimizing delays and lost luggage, and keeping costs down.

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Baggage Handling Process Responsibility

Airlines are liable for baggage once checked-in, handling it from departure to arrival.

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Airport Role in Baggage Handling

Airports primarily provide the equipment and infrastructure for baggage handling, while the airline manages the process.

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Baggage Handling Capacity

Matching baggage handling capacity with passenger demand is vital to prevent bottlenecks, queues, and lost luggage.

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What are ABT's?

Automated baggage tags, used to track luggage in airports, typically containing barcodes that link to a database with information about the bag.

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Types of Barcodes

There are two main types of barcodes: 1D (linear) and 2D. 1D barcodes use lines of varying widths, while 2D (like QR codes) use patterns in two dimensions. Only 1D barcodes are currently used on baggage tags.

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Reading Baggage Tags

Baggage tags are read by either handheld scanners or in-line arrays. In-line arrays use lasers to scan tags from multiple angles as they pass through conveyor belts.

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RFID Systems

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems use radio waves to identify and track objects. Key components include tags, a receiver, interrogator, data capture and collection, and data conversion.

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Hybrid Baggage Tags

Some baggage tags combine both barcode and RFID technology, allowing for both optical and wireless tracking of luggage.

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Tracking at Passenger Handover

The initial transfer of a bag from a passenger to an airline has a low chance of error, as the passenger is directly involved.

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Tracking at Baggage Loading

Delta Airlines uses specialized belt loaders equipped with RFID readers to track bags as they are loaded onto aircraft. RFID readers are typically absent from trailers carrying bags to the loading area.

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Tracking at Transfer Area

Delta utilizes handheld scanners to locate specific bags in the transfer area. RFID could potentially improve accuracy by directly locating tags within the area.

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Dwell Time

The amount of time a passenger spends at an airport, influencing retail opportunities.

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Finger Pier

An airport terminal design with fingers extending from a central core, each with gates and retail areas.

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Linear Terminal

A terminal with a long, straight layout, good for short walks but lacking a central retail area.

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Midfield Concourse

Terminal design where gates are located in the middle, with central retail area and split passenger flow.

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Transporter Terminal

Terminal design where buses transport passengers to remote boarding gates, reducing walking distance but impacting dwell time.

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Satellite Terminal

Terminal design where gates are located in a separate satellite building, reducing transfer passenger dwell time but requiring a shuttle.

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System Dynamics

A simulation technique used to model complex systems and processes with feedback loops and interactions.

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Discrete Event Simulation

A simulation technique focusing on events occurring over time, useful for airport passenger flow and retail activity.

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Study Notes

Western Sydney Airport - Benefits and Beyond

  • Western Sydney Airport (WSI) is set to become a major air freight hub for Sydney.
  • WSI will improve aviation capacity, connecting NSW producers with global markets.
  • WSI is predicted to generate 24.6billionindirectexpenditureby2060andcontributea24.6 billion in direct expenditure by 2060 and contribute a 24.6billionindirectexpenditureby2060andcontributea23.9 billion increase to Australia's GDP.
  • WSI is projected to have the third-largest catchment area of any major Australian airport upon opening

Airport Design and Operations

  • WSI is being built for 24-hour operation, offering flexibility for business and cargo needs.
  • The airport features rapid exit taxiways and a large cargo facility.
  • Seamless customer experiences through digitalization are crucial.

Non-Aeronautical Revenue

  • Airport revenue streams include parking and retail sales.
  • Passenger and visitor spending is a major part of non-aeronautical revenue.

Cultural and Demographic Considerations

  • Western Sydney is home to a diverse population of Australians and international migrants.
  • The population is predicted to increase by 25% to over 3 million by 2034.
  • The area has one of the fastest-growing populations in Australia.

Airport Construction Timeline

  • The airport is on track to open in 2026.
  • Construction and infrastructure are proceeding according to schedule.

Airport Business Model

  • Aeronautical revenue is comprised of passenger and cargo charges.
  • Retail revenue comes from shops and restaurants inside the airport.
  • Property revenue comes from renting land and buildings to businesses.
  • Ground transport revenue comes from parking and transportation services.
  • Operating and maintenance costs cover daily operations at the airport.

Airport Regulation and Impacts of COVID-19

  • Governments control international aviation markets by allocating traffic rights.
  • COVID-19 has resulted in adjustments in airport operations, including changes in passenger volumes, and impacting retail revenues.

Operational Considerations

  • Ongoing maintenance and periodic expansion are necessary to meet growing demand.
  • Operational efficiency is optimized using airport collaborative decision-making (ACDM) tools.

Airport Staff and Operations

  • Operational plans ensure effective and efficient handling of processes.
  • All procedures are well documented for safety and compliance.
  • Employee benefit expenses and utilities are part of operational costs.

Passengers and Airport Experience

  • Passengers' experience and expectations are key factors in airport operations.
  • Technology is essential for achieving an optimal passenger experience. Including queuing, security, boarding and retail.
  • Managing airport infrastructure to ensure smooth and effective flow of passengers and baggage.

Baggage Handling and Operations

  • Baggage handling systems and technology are crucial for efficient passenger service.
  • Airlines are responsible for bag handling after check-in and before the passenger reclaims them.

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