Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary focus of the Airline Business as discussed by Doganis?
What is a primary focus of the Airline Business as discussed by Doganis?
- Economic factors impacting the airline industry (correct)
- The evolution of airport management
- Passenger service enhancements
- Technological advancements in aircraft
Which publication is associated with analyzing the role of government in the airline industry?
Which publication is associated with analyzing the role of government in the airline industry?
- Air Transportation: A Management Perspective
- Airline strategies and business models 2016
- Deregulation of Network Industries: What's Next? (correct)
- The Airline Business in the 21st Century
What is one of the documents published by the European Commission regarding air transport?
What is one of the documents published by the European Commission regarding air transport?
- Future of Airline Partnerships
- The Role of Airports in Economic Development
- Single European Sky Initiative (correct)
- Impact of Aviation on Economic Growth
Which organization is responsible for publishing data on airport operations?
Which organization is responsible for publishing data on airport operations?
Which chapter of Wensveen's book focuses on management perspectives within air transportation?
Which chapter of Wensveen's book focuses on management perspectives within air transportation?
What significant change occurred as a result of lower mail rates in the aviation industry?
What significant change occurred as a result of lower mail rates in the aviation industry?
What was the significance of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938?
What was the significance of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938?
Which aircraft was first certified in the short-range category in 1967?
Which aircraft was first certified in the short-range category in 1967?
Which of the following was a technological advancement noted in the aviation industry during the growth years from 1938 to 1958?
Which of the following was a technological advancement noted in the aviation industry during the growth years from 1938 to 1958?
What term was introduced to commercial aviation with the certification of the B747-100?
What term was introduced to commercial aviation with the certification of the B747-100?
What is the main role of the ICAO Assembly?
What is the main role of the ICAO Assembly?
What was one of the major roles of the Civil Aeronautics Authority established by the Civil Aeronautics Act?
What was one of the major roles of the Civil Aeronautics Authority established by the Civil Aeronautics Act?
How many countries are represented in the ICAO Council?
How many countries are represented in the ICAO Council?
What is NOT one of the six strategic objectives of ICAO?
What is NOT one of the six strategic objectives of ICAO?
During which period did air traffic control become mandatory?
During which period did air traffic control become mandatory?
What impact did technological advancements in aviation have during the period from 1958 to 1978?
What impact did technological advancements in aviation have during the period from 1958 to 1978?
Which of the following is a key focus of ICAO's efforts?
Which of the following is a key focus of ICAO's efforts?
What notable protocol does ICAO define for air accident investigation?
What notable protocol does ICAO define for air accident investigation?
When was the International Air Transport Association (IATA) founded?
When was the International Air Transport Association (IATA) founded?
Which of these statements about IATA is true?
Which of these statements about IATA is true?
What was the original name of IATA when it was founded in 1945?
What was the original name of IATA when it was founded in 1945?
What was the primary effect of the bilateral agreements signed by the US between 1978 and 1980?
What was the primary effect of the bilateral agreements signed by the US between 1978 and 1980?
Which key feature did European bilateral air service agreements include that differed from those of the US?
Which key feature did European bilateral air service agreements include that differed from those of the US?
What is the concept of 'Open Skies' primarily concerned with?
What is the concept of 'Open Skies' primarily concerned with?
Which agreement marked the beginning of the 'Open Skies' policy between the US and another country?
Which agreement marked the beginning of the 'Open Skies' policy between the US and another country?
What does 'Fifth Freedom rights' allow under the 'Open Skies' policy?
What does 'Fifth Freedom rights' allow under the 'Open Skies' policy?
How did the EU’s internal market changes influence air travel?
How did the EU’s internal market changes influence air travel?
What aspect of Open Skies agreements allows airlines to collaborate and share codes?
What aspect of Open Skies agreements allows airlines to collaborate and share codes?
What was one significant outcome of the liberalization in European aviation?
What was one significant outcome of the liberalization in European aviation?
What is cabotage in the context of air travel?
What is cabotage in the context of air travel?
Which freedom of the air allows for a carrier to conduct flights solely between two points in a foreign country?
Which freedom of the air allows for a carrier to conduct flights solely between two points in a foreign country?
Which of the following organizations is a governmental organization related to air transport?
Which of the following organizations is a governmental organization related to air transport?
What is typically reserved for national carriers in relation to cabotage?
What is typically reserved for national carriers in relation to cabotage?
Which of the following is NOT a major international organization in the air transport industry?
Which of the following is NOT a major international organization in the air transport industry?
In the given example, what is the nature of the operation when Delta Air Lines flies from LA to London and then to Manchester?
In the given example, what is the nature of the operation when Delta Air Lines flies from LA to London and then to Manchester?
Which of the following freedoms allows a carrier to carry traffic that originates and terminates within a country by an air carrier of another country?
Which of the following freedoms allows a carrier to carry traffic that originates and terminates within a country by an air carrier of another country?
What is one of the key characteristics of the 9th Freedom of the Air?
What is one of the key characteristics of the 9th Freedom of the Air?
What is the 3rd Freedom of the Air?
What is the 3rd Freedom of the Air?
Which of the following freedoms allows a carrier to operate flights from one foreign country into another without using the home country?
Which of the following freedoms allows a carrier to operate flights from one foreign country into another without using the home country?
Which situation exemplifies the 2nd Freedom of the Air?
Which situation exemplifies the 2nd Freedom of the Air?
What is required from country B in order for the 5th Freedom to be exercised?
What is required from country B in order for the 5th Freedom to be exercised?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the 6th Freedom of the Air?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the 6th Freedom of the Air?
Which example illustrates the 1st Freedom of the Air?
Which example illustrates the 1st Freedom of the Air?
In the context of Freedoms of the Air, what does the term 'beyond rights' refer to?
In the context of Freedoms of the Air, what does the term 'beyond rights' refer to?
What does the 4th Freedom of the Air allow?
What does the 4th Freedom of the Air allow?
Flashcards
Formative Period of Commercial Aviation (1918-1938)
Formative Period of Commercial Aviation (1918-1938)
The period between 1918 and 1938 was crucial for the development of commercial aviation, marked by significant advancements and the emergence of key players.
Airline Separation from Manufacturers
Airline Separation from Manufacturers
The separation of airlines from aircraft manufacturers was a key development during this period, allowing for greater independence and focus on passenger transportation.
Boeing 247 and DC-1
Boeing 247 and DC-1
The Boeing 247 and DC-1 were two of the most significant aircraft models introduced in 1933, marking a turning point in air travel with their passenger-carrying capabilities.
Establishment of the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA)
Establishment of the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA)
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Certification of Flight Personnel by the CAA
Certification of Flight Personnel by the CAA
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Technological Advancements in the 1930s and 1940s
Technological Advancements in the 1930s and 1940s
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The Jet Era (1958-1978)
The Jet Era (1958-1978)
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The Boeing 747-100
The Boeing 747-100
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US Bilateral Air Agreements (1978-1980)
US Bilateral Air Agreements (1978-1980)
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UK-Netherlands Air Services Agreement (1984)
UK-Netherlands Air Services Agreement (1984)
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European Bilateral ASAs (1978-1991)
European Bilateral ASAs (1978-1991)
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Low-Cost Carriers in Europe
Low-Cost Carriers in Europe
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Open Skies Policy
Open Skies Policy
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US-Netherlands Open Skies Agreement (1992)
US-Netherlands Open Skies Agreement (1992)
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EU Internal Market Air Travel
EU Internal Market Air Travel
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Impact of Open Skies on US Airlines
Impact of Open Skies on US Airlines
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Cabotage
Cabotage
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Cabotage Rights
Cabotage Rights
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Standalone Cabotage
Standalone Cabotage
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Full Cabotage in the EU
Full Cabotage in the EU
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ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation)
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation)
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IATA (International Air Transport Association)
IATA (International Air Transport Association)
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ACI (Airport Council International)
ACI (Airport Council International)
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Deregulation - Open Skies
Deregulation - Open Skies
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1st Freedom of the Air
1st Freedom of the Air
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2nd Freedom of the Air
2nd Freedom of the Air
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3rd Freedom of the Air
3rd Freedom of the Air
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4th Freedom of the Air
4th Freedom of the Air
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5th Freedom of the Air
5th Freedom of the Air
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6th Freedom of the Air
6th Freedom of the Air
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7th Freedom of the Air
7th Freedom of the Air
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What is ICAO?
What is ICAO?
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What is ICAO's main objective?
What is ICAO's main objective?
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What does ICAO do to achieve its goals?
What does ICAO do to achieve its goals?
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Who makes the decisions for ICAO?
Who makes the decisions for ICAO?
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What is IATA?
What is IATA?
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What is IATA's mission?
What is IATA's mission?
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What does IATA advocate for?
What does IATA advocate for?
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What is the combined impact of ICAO and IATA?
What is the combined impact of ICAO and IATA?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- The course covers the aviation industry, with specific focus on international aviation
- Topics include: Introduction, International Aviation, Airline Business, Airports, Aircraft Manufacturers, Air Freight, Aviation and the Environment, and Future Issues.
Content
- Historical Perspective: Evolution from Regulation towards Deregulation ("Open Skies")
- Freedoms of the Air: Fundamental rules of international air transportation
- International Organisations: Key organizations within the air transport industry
The History Perspective
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1918-1938: Formative Period: Aviation primarily for air mail routes in the US, initially handled by the Post Office. Contract air mail routes were established, connecting various cities and transcontinental routes. The Air Mail Act of 1920 gave contracts to both airlines and aircraft manufacturers.
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1938-1958: The Growth Years: The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 created the CAA, certifying flight personnel and focusing on safety. This led to the regulation of passenger, freight, and mail rates. Technological advancements led to higher-performance, long-range aircraft (i.e., DC-4). Air freight became a viable business sector.
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1958-1978: Maturity: Jets (B-707, DC-9, etc.) entered service. Air traffic control became critical, and demands for further improvements led to notable developments. The short-range B737-100 and, later, wide-body jets (B747) became prominent.
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1978-1991: Liberalisation: Restrictions on entry into the market due to regulations like Traditional Air Service Agreements (ASA). This included exclusive rights for designated airlines, nationality clauses, schedule of routes, determination of passenger and cargo tariffs, and capacity controls within the industry.
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1992 Onwards: Towards "Open Skies": An international policy concept aiming for the liberalization of international aviation to create a free-market environment for airlines. Bilateral agreements led to open route access and unlimited Fifth Freedom rights.
1918-1938: Formative Period (continued)
- Air Mail Act of 1934: US Government transferred air mail to the private sector and focused on competitive bidding (1-year contracts), leading to lower mail rates. This promoted the development of passenger air transport and separation of airlines from aircraft manufacturers.
- First airway traffic control center established in Newark, NJ in 1935, initially operated by airlines but eventually transferred to the FAA.
- Key aircraft advancements during this period included the Boeing 247 and the DC-1. Airlines began to make large purchases of these aircraft.
1978-1991: Liberalisation(continued)
- US government offered additional gateway points for foreign airline services. New bilateral agreements with other countries (i.e., Singapore, Thailand, Korea, Philippines). European countries also began implementing similar agreements.
- European agreements were similar to US agreements but also opened route access between countries, allowing for the emergence of low-cost carriers and new routes/markets.
1992 towards "Open Skies" (continued)
- Key elements of the Open Skies policy include Open route access, unlimited Fifth Freedom rights, Open access for charters, Multiple designation of airlines, no frequency or capacity control.
- Open Skies led to increased service to/from Heathrow, and service enhancements for US airlines.
International Organisations
- ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation): A UN specialized agency that sets standards and recommended practices for air navigation, infrastructure, safety procedures, border-crossing facilitation, and air accident investigation. It works toward safe, secure, and sustainable development of civil aviation. Key strategic objectives include safety, security, environmental protection, efficiency, continuity, and rule of law.
- IATA (International Air Transport Association): Represents the interests of airlines, with objectives to promote understanding of the benefits of aviation for national and global economies; driving industry-wide programs to increase passenger convenience, simplify processes and improve efficiency, and ensuring smooth movement of people and goods around the globe.
- ACI (Airport Council International): Represents the interests of airports worldwide, focusing on safety, security, environmental issues, efficiency, customer service, and economic development.
- ICAO, IATA, and ACI are key international organizations involved in establishing and regulating international air transport standards.
Freedoms of the Air
- There are five basic freedoms that are, more or less, recognised by all ICAO member states, two others widely regulated, and two more hardly to be accepted.
- 1st Freedom: The right to fly and carry traffic over another nation's territory without landing.
- 2nd Freedom: The right to land in another nation for non-traffic related purposes (technical stops).
- 3rd Freedom: The right to drop off commercial traffic (passengers and cargo) for a foreign nation from the home country.
- 4th Freedom: The right to pick up commercial traffic in another nation and carry them back to the home country.
- 5th Freedom: The right for a carrier from the home country to land in a second country, then pick up passengers to a third country
- 6th Freedom: The right to carry commercial traffic from a foreign state through the home country to a third state.
- 7th Freedom: The right to carry traffic from one nation to another without going through the home country.
- 8th Freedom: The right for a carrier to carry traffic between two points in a foreign nation as part of a service from the home country. (cabotage)
- 9th Freedom: The right to operate flights between two points in a foreign country without stopping in another country, e.g. Ryanair flights between Berlin and Frankfurt (full cabotage)
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Description
This quiz explores key aspects of the airline business as discussed by various authors and publications. It covers government roles, significant acts, technological advancements, and the management perspectives in air transportation. Test your knowledge on important historical changes and industry organizations associated with aviation.
