Airlaw and Airworthiness Review

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Questions and Answers

What type of mechanic certificate is required for an individual (not a repair station) to perform a complete 100-hour inspection and approve an aircraft for return to service?

  • Airframe and powerplant ratings with an inspection authorization (correct)
  • Powerplant rating only
  • Airframe rating only
  • Airframe and powerplant ratings

Who is authorized to perform preventive maintenance, repairs, or alterations on civil aircraft registered in the Philippines?

  • Licensed pilot who owns and operates the aircraft that is not used in an air carrier service
  • A licensed aircraft mechanic or a person working under the supervision of the licensed mechanic
  • An appropriate rated repair station
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following repairs would be considered a major repair on an aircraft?

  • The repair of a control surface rib of a convenient type
  • The repair of the leading edge of the wing and control surface between two adjacent wing and control surface ribs
  • The repair of damaged areas in the plywood stressed covering exceeding (6) inches in any direction
  • The repair of damaged areas in the stressed covering exceeding at least (10) inches in any direction (correct)

What type of work would NOT be considered a major repair?

<p>The repair of a control surface rib of a convenient type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair would be considered a major repair on an aircraft wing?

<p>Replacing a damaged wing rib (A), Repairing a damaged dihedral brace strut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of certification is required for an individual to perform a 100-hour inspection if they are NOT working at a repair station?

<p>Airframe and Powerplant Mechanic Certificate with Inspection Authorization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a major repair on an aircraft?

<p>Replacing a damaged wing skin panel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of maintenance is categorized as a major alteration on an aircraft?

<p>Modification of the fuel system plumbing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to establish airworthiness requirements after reconstructing lost or destroyed aircraft?

<p>Total service of the powerplant (B), Total service of the airframe (C), Service on the whole aircraft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is authorized to disapprove an aircraft for return to service after maintenance?

<p>Manufacturer or authorized personnel only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can an airframe, powerplant, or appliance be approved for return to service after minor repairs?

<p>By an appropriate licensed aircraft mechanic only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the holder of a certificate issued under 14 CFR part 65 have to notify the FAA after any change in permanent mailing address?

<p>60 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document is signed by an authorized representative of an AMO for inspections or repairs?

<p>Maintenance release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two types of human failure, according to Dr. James Reason, can occur?

<p>Active and latent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the Federal Aviation Regulations prescribes requirements for issuing mechanic certificates?

<p>14 CFR Part 43 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation on the hours TBO when considering service of the powerplant?

<p>Not to exceed 10 hours TBO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the protrusion of bolts, studs, and screws through self-locking nuts, which publication contains the relevant standards?

<p>AC 43. 13-1B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of alteration is required to change the basic design in accordance with landing gear recommendations?

<p>Airframe major alteration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of human error identified?

<p>Omission, commission and extraneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can an aircraft be operated with a 100-hour inspection overdue?

<p>Under no conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When may an otherwise qualified mechanic who does not read, write, speak, and understand the English language be eligible to apply for a mechanic certificate?

<p>Minor repair unless the new cover is different (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of repair involves inspection and approval by the ATO?

<p>Repairs to spars ribs, and surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a quality system assured according to the information provided?

<p>By internal reporting and auditing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The positive aspects of human factor issues are referred to as the what?

<p>Dirty Dozen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would you find the statement regarding airframe major modification approval requirements?

<p>14 CFR Part 43 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is classified as preventive maintenance?

<p>Removal, installation and repair of landing gear tires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty for falsification of records or reports according to the table of sanction under PCAR's Part 1?

<p>Revocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes to a powerplant or airframe is not classified as a major alteration?

<p>Powerplant minor repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a minor preservation operation related to powerplant maintenance?

<p>Cleaning fuel lines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action typically does not require separate approval since it's classified under preventive maintenance?

<p>Replacing a battery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a component conforms with the technical standard order?

<p>It meets specific performance and safety standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of modification to an aircraft usually requires detailed record of approval or disapproval?

<p>Airframe major modification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for an aircraft under an AD within 25 hours time-in-service?

<p>Installation without any further approval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one resource for finding technical information about older aircraft models?

<p>Aircraft listing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An aviation maintenance technician is required to ensure that an aircraft meets which of the following standards?

<p>Original type design or properly altered condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we view human error in aviation safety?

<p>As a critical point in safety assessments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding AD compliance responsibility is correct?

<p>Mechanics are responsible during required inspections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following documents can authorize deviations from an aircraft’s original type design?

<p>FAA Form 337 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the technical descriptions of certificated propellers typically be found?

<p>Propeller type Certificate Data Sheets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Supplemental Type Certificate allow an aircraft to do?

<p>Implement changes beyond the normal repair standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Air Transport Association of America (ATA) Specification No. 100 establish?

<p>Standards for maintenance manual technical data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding certificated mechanics and repairs?

<p>Certificated mechanics can perform repairs if they have the necessary equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an airworthy aircraft is sold, what happens to the Airworthiness Certificate?

<p>It becomes invalid until reinstated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of the second statement regarding major repairs to propellers?

<p>It is conditional upon the availability of specific tools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an AMT during maintenance procedures?

<p>To always meet the original design specifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Technical Standard Orders in aircraft maintenance?

<p>To dictate performance standards for specific parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanic is allowed to perform a minor repair to an airspeed indicator?

<p>Certificated mechanics with an airframe rating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation regarding the number of older aircraft models still in service?

<p>No more than 50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

AD Compliance Responsibility

Mechanics are responsible for checking AD compliance anytime an aircraft is returned to service.

Original Type Design

An aircraft must meet or exceed its original type design standards during maintenance.

FAA Form 337

A form used for reporting alterations and major repairs to the FAA.

Supplemental Type Certificate

A certificate that allows for changes to an aircraft's type design.

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Airworthiness Directives

Mandatory instructions issued by the FAA to address safety issues in aircraft.

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Technical Standard Order

Regulations issued by the FAA for the production of parts that meet safety standards.

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Maintenance Under Parts 91, 125, 135

These parts outline specific inspections and maintenance responsibilities for aircraft.

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Airworthiness Certificate Status

An Airworthiness Certificate becomes invalid if an airworthy aircraft is sold.

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Notification to FAA

The holder of a certificate must notify the FAA of address changes within 60 days.

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Types of Human Failure

According to Dr. James Reason, human failures are active and latent.

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Human Error Types

The three types of human error are omission, commission, and extraneous.

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Protrusion Standards Publication

AC 43. 13-1B contains standards for protrusion of bolts and studs through self-locking nuts.

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Quality System Assurance

A quality system is assured by an independent organization.

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Mechanic Certificate Eligibility

An otherwise qualified mechanic who cannot understand English may apply for a certificate for minor repairs.

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Human Factor Positive Aspects

Positive aspects of human factor issues are referred to as the MEDA.

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Regulations for Mechanic Certificates

14 CFR Part 65 prescribes requirements for issuing mechanic certificates and general operating rules.

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Technical Information on Older Aircraft

Data on aircraft models, including specifications and repair limits.

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Airframe Major Modification

Major changes to the airframe, requiring approval or disapproval recording.

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Human Error in Aviation Safety

A critical factor in aviation incidents, significant in safety analyses.

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Preventive Maintenance

Routine maintenance actions taken to prevent failure after specific inspections.

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Certificated Mechanics

Technicians authorized to perform repairs on aircraft under regulations.

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Airframe Minor Modification

Minor changes to the airframe that do not require extensive documentation.

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Minor Repair Authorization

Approval for certificated mechanics to perform specific minor repairs.

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Major Repair Authorization

Permission for certificated mechanics to carry out significant repairs.

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Powerplant Major Repair

Significant repairs on the powerplant requiring strict adherence to regulations.

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Falsification of Records

Illegally altering or fabricating maintenance records, punishable by law.

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Powerplant/Airframe Minor Repair

Simple repairs not involving complex assemblies, often just part replacements.

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ATA Specification No. 100

A standard for organizing technical data in maintenance manuals.

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Technical Standard Order Compliance

Statement that a component meets specified technical standards.

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Propeller Type Certificate Data Sheets

Documentation that provides technical details on specific propeller types.

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Typical Preventive Maintenance Operations

Common tasks to maintain operational integrity, such as tire repairs.

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Airworthiness Requirements

Standards that must be met for an aircraft to be considered safe for flight.

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Total Service

The complete operational history of an airframe or powerplant.

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Maintenance Release

Document authorizing an aircraft's return to service post-maintenance.

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Approved Maintenance Organization (AMO)

An organization certified to perform maintenance on aircraft.

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Major Alteration

A significant change to an aircraft that affects its structural performance.

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Minor Repair

A small, less significant fix on an aircraft that does not alter its basic structure.

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Return to Service

The process of certifying an aircraft is safe for flight after maintenance.

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Airframe Major Repair

A repair that significantly affects the structural integrity or performance of the airframe.

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100 Hour Inspection Authorization

A mechanic needs an airframe or both airframe and powerplant rating to approve a 100-hour inspection.

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Major Repair Definition

A major repair includes significant alterations to airframe components, like control surfaces.

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Who can perform maintenance?

A licensed pilot, mechanic, or rated repair station can perform maintenance on civil aircraft.

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Airframe Major Alteration

Changes to basic designs of fuel or oil systems are classified as major alterations.

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Control Surface Repair Criteria

Repairs exceeding 10 inches in stressed covering are considered major for control surfaces.

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Repair of Leading Edge

Repairing the leading edge of wings and control surfaces may qualify as a major repair.

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Control Surface Rib Repair

Repairing control surface ribs is considered if it meets certain size limits.

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Plywood Stressed Covering Repairs

Repairs in plywood covering over 6 inches are categorized as major due to structural importance.

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Study Notes

Airlaw and Airworthiness Reviewer Sheet

  • Airframe Inspection: Overhauling electrical equipment requires information from the aircraft maintenance manual, manufacturer instructions and illustrated parts manuals.
  • Return to Service Approval: An appropriately rated mechanic can repair defects and approve an aircraft for return to service, if not approved by the annual inspection person.
  • Beyond 100-Hour Inspections: Aircraft may be flown beyond the 100-hour inspection requirement to reach a location for inspection provided flight hours do not exceed 15 hours.
  • Supplemental Type Certificate Approvals: Radio equipment installations requiring Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) data require field approval from FAA.
  • 100-Hour Inspections: An individual (not a repair station) can perform a complete 100-hour inspection and approve an aircraft for return to service if they hold both airframe and powerplant ratings and an inspection authorization.
  • Record Keeping: The statement for approval/disapproval of aircraft after a 100-hour or annual inspection is found in 14 CFR Part 91.
  • Airworthiness Directives: Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are information alert bulletins issued by the manufacturer and compliance is mandatory for hire aircraft, recorded in maintenance records.
  • 100-Hour Inspection Requirements: 14 CFR Part 91 documents the operating conditions that make a 100-hour mandatory inspection.
  • Unairworthy Aircraft After Annual Inspection: If an aircraft is found unairworthy due to major repair after annual inspection, a mechanic can complete the repair and an Inspection Authorization (IA) approves the aircraft's return to service.
  • Aircraft Maintenance Records: Records of 100-hour inspections are retained for at least one year according to Part 91, and maintenance records must retain details for at least one year.

Maintenance Forms and Records

  • Maintenance Records: Records of aircraft maintenance, alterations, preventive maintenance, 100-hour inspections, annual and progressive inspections must be kept for at least one year.
  • Certificated Mechanic Responsibilities: A certificated airframe and powerplant mechanic can perform 100-hour inspections, annual inspections in specified circumstances and progressive inspections in specified circumstances.
  • Aircraft Record Entries: Records should properly reflect any maintenance, alteration, or repair with the date of completion and the mechanic's signature.
  • FAA Notice of Unsafe Conditions: The FAA notifies owners about unsafe conditions and prescribes operating conditions for the issue.
  • Aircraft Major Repair: The overhaul of a hydraulic pressure pump is a major repair.
  • Maintenance Record Entries: When approving an aircraft for return to service after maintenance, appropriate entries must be recorded. A detailed record must include description of work, date of completion, and the mechanics signature and certificate number.
  • Aircraft Records: The requirements for maintenance record entries, for example, aircraft record formats, should include record continuity and required information.
  • Aircraft 100-Hour Inspection Records: If separate records are used for airframe, powerplant(s), and propeller(s), the 100-hour inspection entry goes in each.
  • 100-Hour Inspection Duration: The maximum time a 100-hour inspection can be extended is 10 hours, but with a special FAA flight permit this can be extended to 12 hours.
  • Maintenance Record Formats: Any format that provides continuous records and includes required information is acceptable for maintenance records.

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