190 test 1 multiple choice only

What term describes an obstruction to airflow in the airways?

Which statement accurately describes normal airway resistance (Raw) in intubated and non-intubated patients?

A patient with COPD often exhibits 'floppy' lungs. How does this condition relate to lung compliance and the effort required for breathing?

What is the approximate anatomical dead space for a 5’10” male weighing 190 lbs?

A patient with an IBW of 140 lbs is being mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 400 ml and a frequency of 14. What is this patient's approximate alveolar ventilation?

Which of the following is a likely cause of hypocapnia?

In metabolic alkalosis, what does it signify when PaCO2 is normal and compensation is occurring?

During acid-base imbalances, what is the body's primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis?

A patient in metabolic alkalosis has a respiratory rate of 8. What is the likely reason for the hypoventilation?

In cases of partially compensated acid-base imbalances, what characterizes the state of the body's attempt to correct the imbalance?

If a patient's pH is within the normal range, what must be true about their blood gas values?

Which mode of ventilation, designed for spontaneous breathing, guarantees a minimum minute ventilation (Ve)?

Within the context of mechanical ventilation, what event signifies the start of a breath?

Which statement is NOT true regarding pressure support (PS) in mechanical ventilation?

In which of the following modes will a patient receive the set tidal volume?

What ventilator control will ensure that a patient does not suffer from barotrauma?

Which of the following controls are associated with APRV?

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) and I:E ratios?

Which of the following modes or controls would be LEAST LIKELY to improve oxygenation?

What effect do opioids have on the respiratory system?

Which of the following statements accurately describes static compliance?

Compared to a non-intubated patient, what is the typical range of normal airway resistance (Raw) in an intubated patient, expressed in cmH2O/L/sec?

How does reducing the diameter of a patient's airway by one-half affect the resistance to airflow, assuming all other factors remain constant?

A patient with a tidal volume of 550 ml has a physiological dead space of 175 ml. What is the approximate alveolar volume for each breath?

What is the most immediate compensatory mechanism the body employs to restore acid-base balance?

What does the presence of a normal pH in a patient's blood gas analysis indicate about their acid-base balance?

In mechanical ventilation, what specific parameter is adjusted to directly influence and control a patient’s PaCO2?

What is the primary role of the trigger in mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role of pressure support (PS) in mechanical ventilation?

In volume-controlled ventilation, which parameter is preset and remains constant for each breath?

Which ventilator setting directly prevents excessive pressure from being delivered to the patient's lungs, reducing the risk of barotrauma?

Which of the following is NOT a typical control associated with Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)?

Which I:E ratio is characteristic of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV)?

Which of the following ventilator adjustments is LEAST likely to directly improve a patient's oxygenation?

Which of the following best describes the likely effect of opioid administration on a patient's respiratory system?

When titrating FiO2 and PEEP for a ventilated patient, what is the generally recommended ‘rule of thumb’?

Which statement accurately describes the purpose of prone positioning in the context of respiratory management?

What is the primary consideration when selecting a blade and endotracheal tube (ETT) size for intubation?

What is the recommended range for suction pressure when clearing a patient's artificial airway?

Which of the following modes requires that healthcare staff pay close attention to the possibility of breath stacking?

Given a patient with confirmed ARDS on volume-controlled ventilation exhibiting progressively increasing plateau pressures, which of the following ventilator adjustments would MOST directly address the underlying pathophysiology to improve gas distribution?

A patient with a history of COPD and chronic CO2 retention presents with acute hypoxemia and an elevated PaCO2. Upon initiating mechanical ventilation, which initial ventilator settings would be MOST appropriate to balance the risks of further increasing CO2 retention against the need to improve oxygenation?

You are called to assess a patient on a morphine pump who presents with a SpO2 of 64% and a respiratory rate of 6 bpm. Considering the immediate life-threatening nature of the situation and potential diagnostic overlap, what is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

A 16-year-old female presents to the ED with an acute asthma exacerbation. Her ABG reveals a pH of 7.44, PaCO2 of 35 mmHg, HCO3 of 24 mEq/L, and PaO2 of 61 mmHg on room air. Her WBC is 19,000/mm³, RBC is 5M/mm³, and Hb is 14 g/dL. Based on this presentation and lab data, what is the MOST critical initial intervention?

You notice that an intubated patient is actively biting on the endotracheal tube (ETT). Considering the potential complications, what is the MOST appropriate immediate intervention and subsequent management strategy?

A patient is being transitioned from a V-60 ventilator using a standard ventilator mask with an exhalation port and pressure line to their home BiPAP device, which lacks a backup rate. What considerations are MOST crucial to ensure patient safety during this transition?

Upon auscultation of a mechanically ventilated patient, you note a sudden onset of high-pitched wheezing and significantly increased peak inspiratory pressures. What is the MOST immediate and appropriate intervention?

After initiating mechanical ventilation on a patient, the high-frequency alarm is persistently sounding. Which of the following actions is LEAST likely to be an appropriate initial step in troubleshooting this alarm?

A patient with known COPD is admitted with increasing shortness of breath and is being mechanically ventilated. Arterial blood gas results reveal a pH of 7.20, PaCO2 of 65 mmHg, and HCO3 of 28 mEq/L. Based on these values, which of the following ventilator adjustments would be MOST appropriate?

Review the following data from a mechanically ventilated patient: At 0800, PIP is 18 cmH2O, Plateau pressure is 15 cmH2O; At 1400, PIP is 40 cmH2O, Plateau pressure is 15 cmH2O. What is the MOST likely explanation for these changes?

You obtain an ABG with the following values: pH 7.56, PaCO2 24 mmHg, HCO3 34 mEq/L, and PaO2 38 mmHg. Which of the following interpretations BEST reflects this patient's acid-base status and oxygenation?

You determine that a patient's airway resistance is acutely increasing. Which of the following is the LEAST likely contributing factor to this increase?

Which of the following factors is MOST crucial to consider when deciding whether to use a Heat Moisture Exchanger (HME) on a mechanically ventilated patient?

You draw an ABG and obtain the following results: pH 7.36, PaCO2 47; HCO3 29; PaO2 80. How would you BEST classify this?

Which BI-PAP setting would, mathematically, provide the greatest amount of ventilation?

A patient with COPD who is known to be a CO2 retainer was discharged a few months ago. A recent ABG upon readmission shows a pH of 7.39, while his baseline was 7.34. What is your assesment?

Which of the following patients BEST indicates a need for mechanical ventilation?

Review the chart below; Which PEEP is optimal? PEEP 2, PaO2 46; PEEP 5, PaO2 70; PEEP 8, PaO2 78; PEEP 10, PaO2 84, Compl 52; PEEP 12, PaO2 80, Compl 48.

What blade and ETT should you consider when intubating a patient that requires mechanical ventilation?

In the context of advanced respiratory physiology, under what precise condition would the administration of heliox be MOST strategically indicated to reduce the work of breathing?

A patient with a known history of severe, refractory asthma is intubated and mechanically ventilated. Despite aggressive bronchodilation and optimized ventilator settings, peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) remain critically elevated, and plateau pressures are trending upward. Which advanced intervention should be considered NEXT to mitigate the risk of barotrauma and improve ventilation?

In the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with concomitant severe metabolic acidosis, which of the following ventilator strategies represents the MOST evidence-based approach to optimizing both oxygenation and acid-base balance while minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI)?

Considering the complexities of ventilator management in a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD and pre-existing chronic respiratory acidosis, which of the following adjustments to ventilator settings would be MOST appropriate to facilitate CO2 removal while minimizing the risk of alveolar overdistension and volutrauma?

A patient with severe ARDS is being mechanically ventilated. Despite optimized conventional ventilation strategies, the patient's PaO2 remains critically low, and the oxygenation index is worsening. What rescue strategy is MOST appropriate to consider at this stage?

A patient develops acute right ventricular failure secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension during mechanical ventilation for ARDS. Which of the following ventilator strategies would be MOST beneficial in optimizing right ventricular function while maintaining adequate gas exchange?

A patient with morbid obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is undergoing mechanical ventilation postoperatively. Which ventilator management strategy is MOST crucial for preventing atelectasis and optimizing respiratory mechanics?

A patient with a history of neuromuscular disease is receiving mechanical ventilation. They exhibit significant respiratory muscle weakness and fatigue. Which of the following ventilator modes is MOST appropriate for providing optimal respiratory support and minimizing the risk of respiratory muscle atrophy?

During mechanical ventilation, a patient suddenly develops acute unilateral pulmonary edema. Which of the following interventions is MOST critical to address the underlying cause and prevent further deterioration?

In the context of managing a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concomitant acute respiratory failure, which of the following ventilator strategies would be MOST judicious to balance adequate oxygenation and ventilation with the imperative of minimizing intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A patient with known bronchiectasis develops hemoptysis and subsequent acute respiratory distress. Following intubation and mechanical ventilation, what specific intervention would be MOST appropriate to manage the airway and prevent further complications?

During mechanical ventilation of a patient with severe restrictive lung disease, the respiratory therapist observes persistently elevated peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) despite normal or low tidal volumes. Adjusting which of the following ventilator parameters would MOST directly mitigate the risk of further alveolar damage while still ensuring adequate ventilation?

A patient undergoing mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure develops progressive metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following ventilator adjustments is MOST likely to exacerbate this condition?

In the management of a patient with profound hypoxemia secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and refractory to conventional ventilation, which of the following advanced therapeutic modalities is MOST likely to improve oxygenation by enhancing alveolar recruitment and reducing intrapulmonary shunt?

Which strategy is MOST appropriate for mitigating auto-PEEP in a mechanically ventilated patient with severe airflow obstruction?

What is the MOST critical consideration when weaning a patient with a history of chronic respiratory failure from mechanical ventilation?

A patient with ARDS is being ventilated with high PEEP and FiO2. The patient is now hypotensive. What interventions can be done to improve the patient's blood pressure?

A patient with severe ARDS is being ventilated with high PEEP. It is determined that the patient now has a pneumothorax. What is the priority intervention?

A patient with severe asthma is being mechanically ventilated. The patient has high peak pressures. What interventions can improve the patient's ventilation?

A patient on mechanical ventilation is showing signs of increased work of breathing with accessory muscle use. What interventions can improve the patient's work of breathing?