Electronic & Digital Aircraft Systems I Quiz
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What is the primary purpose of BITE systems in modern aircraft?

  • To automate the repair process for faulty aircraft systems.
  • To monitor and diagnose potential issues within aircraft systems. (correct)
  • To provide detailed information on system failures to ground maintenance personnel.
  • To enhance pilot awareness of critical system failures.

    • Which aircraft system is responsible for providing pilots with essential flight information, including altitude, airspeed, and heading?

  • EICAS
  • ACARS
  • ECAM
  • EFIS (correct)

    • Which of the following aircraft systems is designed for communication between the aircraft and ground stations?

  • EICAS
  • FMS
  • ACARS (correct)
  • ECAM

    • Which aircraft system is responsible for monitoring and displaying critical engine parameters and alerts to the crew?

    <p>EICAS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is primarily responsible for managing flight plans and providing navigation guidance to the aircraft?

    <p>FMS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in aircraft?

    <p>To provide precise navigation and positioning information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Inertial Reference System (IRS) primarily utilizes what information to determine the aircraft's attitude and heading?

    <p>Internal sensors and accelerometers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is designed to alert pilots to potential collisions with other aircraft?

    <p>TCAS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for displaying and managing various aircraft systems and alerts, providing a consolidated view for pilots?

    <p>ECAM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about BITE (Built-In Test Equipment) is FALSE?

    <p>BITE systems are primarily used for diagnosing mechanical failures in aircraft systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the system test after restoring the system or replacing an LRU?

    <p>To ensure the system's integrity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT directly accessible through the MCDU?

    <p>FMS (Flight Simulation Module) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BITE during the maintenance process?

    <p>To monitor system operations for verification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate action should be taken after making repairs to a system?

    <p>Conduct an operational check of the entire system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests generates stimuli for command devices in an aircraft system?

    <p>Specific tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of BITE in a system using multiple computers?

    <p>To continuously monitor internal LRU circuits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the MCDU is powered up, what is the first screen displayed?

    <p>STATUS PAGE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BITE do when a failure occurs?

    <p>It identifies a possible failed LRU (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about specific tests is TRUE?

    <p>They are essential for proper aircraft maintenance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the Power Up Test?

    <p>Environmental impact assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using a centralized maintenance device?

    <p>Standardizes equipment operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MCDU stand for?

    <p>Maintenance Control Display Unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After specific repairs are executed, which concept helps minimize maintenance downtime?

    <p>LRU and BITE concepts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the Power Up Test execute after a power cut?

    <p>After a cut exceeding 200 milliseconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of message does the system test verify?

    <p>Data line message validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a watchdog test responsible for?

    <p>Restoring the microprocessor if software fails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes cyclic tests?

    <p>They occur permanently without disturbing system operation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in the BITE memory during normal operation?

    <p>BITE information for later analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the configuration test during the Power Up Test?

    <p>To ensure compliance with safety objectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does BITE NOT provide after a failure?

    <p>Automatic repair of the failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BITE stand for in the context of aircraft systems?

    <p>Built-In Test Equipment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of advanced BITE systems?

    <p>They incorporate centralized monitoring systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of BITE systems in aircraft?

    <p>To continuously monitor and test aircraft systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Central Maintenance Computer System (CMCS) in Boeing aircraft?

    <p>To aid in troubleshooting through advanced diagnostics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) primarily monitored by BITE systems?

    <p>Individual components that can be replaced on the ground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many LRUs do Boeing 757 or 767 aircraft utilize approximately?

    <p>50 LRUs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were early BITE systems typically accessed in an aircraft?

    <p>In the electronics equipment bay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do newer BITE systems differ from older systems?

    <p>They include enhanced features for troubleshooting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about BITE systems is FALSE?

    <p>BITE systems have no diagnostic capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of centralized monitoring in BITE systems?

    <p>Allows for remote transmission of data during flight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    BITE Systems

    Built-In Test Equipment used to monitor aircraft systems.

    Go/No-Go Indicators

    Red or green LEDs indicating equipment status in BITE systems.

    Central Maintenance Computer System (CMCS)

    Boeing's advanced built-in troubleshooting system for aircraft.

    Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS)

    Airbus's advanced diagnostic system for troubleshooting.

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    Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)

    Individual components monitored within aircraft systems.

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    Self-Diagnostics Equipment

    Systems that automatically check and report their health status.

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    Faults Monitoring

    The process of tracking issues detected by BITE systems.

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    Maintenance Facility Data Transmission

    Sending diagnostic data from aircraft to maintenance during flight.

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    BITE Philosophy

    Concept of permanently monitoring LRUs for safety and troubleshooting.

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    On Board Maintenance System (OBMS)

    Airbus A330 system dedicated to testing and monitoring.

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    BITE

    Built-In Test Equipment for self-diagnosing aircraft systems.

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    ACARS

    Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System for data exchange.

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    ECAM

    Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring system for tracking aircraft systems.

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    EFIS

    Electronic Flight Instrument System that displays flight information.

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    EICAS

    Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System for engine status.

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    FBW

    Fly-By-Wire control system that replaces manual controls with electronic input.

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    FMS

    Flight Management System for navigation and flight operations.

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    GPS

    Global Positioning System for satellite-based navigation.

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    IRS

    Inertial Reference System for navigation through accelerometers and gyroscopes.

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    TCAS

    Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System for mid-air collision prevention.

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    Intermittent failure

    A failure that occurs sporadically, not consistently.

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    Permanent failure

    A failure that does not resolve itself and needs fixing.

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    Power Up Test

    Safety test ensuring system compliance after power loss.

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    Cyclic Tests

    Tests that run continuously during system operation.

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    Watchdog Test

    A test that resets the microprocessor in case of failure.

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    Centralized maintenance device

    A device used for troubleshooting and initiating tests.

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    Non-volatile memory

    Memory that retains data even without power.

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    Snapshot of system environment

    An instantaneous record of system state during failure.

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    System Test

    Test performed to verify system integrity after maintenance or LRU replacement.

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    Specific Tests

    Tests that generate stimuli for command devices like actuators and valves.

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    MCDU

    Maintenance Control Display Unit, used for displaying data and sending commands.

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    MCDU Components

    Includes a screen, keyboard, function keys, mode keys, and line keys.

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    SAT

    Satellite Communication System for data transmission.

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    ATSU

    Air Traffic Service Unit, assists in communication with air traffic control.

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    Study Notes

    Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems I (5.15)

    • Learning Objectives: This section details the learning objectives for the study of typical electronic and digital aircraft systems. The objectives encompass describing general arrangements and Built-In Test Equipment (BITE) testing capabilities for various systems.

    • Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) (5.15.1.1): Describes the general arrangement and BITE testing features of ACARS, operating at Level 2.

    • Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) system (5.15.1.2): Explains the general arrangement and BITE testing for the ECAM system, also at Level 2.

    • Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) (5.15.1.3): Covers the general arrangement and BITE testing capabilities of the EFIS system, for Level 2.

    • Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS) (5.15.1.4): Discusses the general arrangement and BITE testing capabilities of the EICAS, at Level 2.

    • Fly-By-Wire (FBW) control system (5.15.1.5): Includes the general arrangement and BITE testing capabilities of FBW, operating at Level 2.

    • Flight Management System (FMS) (5.15.1.6): Examines the general arrangement and BITE testing of the FMS, at Level 2.

    • Global Positioning System (GPS) (5.15.1.7): Details the general arrangement and BITE testing capabilities of GPS, at Level 2.

    • Inertial Reference System (IRS) (5.15.1.8): Describes the general arrangement and BITE testing of the IRS, at Level 2.

    • Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) (5.15.1.9): Outlines the general arrangement and BITE testing capabilities of TCAS, at Level 2.

    Integrated Test Equipment (ITE) (Aircraft Diagnostics)

    • BITE (Built-In Test Equipment): Aircraft diagnostics now use self-diagnostic systems, which are known as BITE. This enables troubleshooting of complex digital systems.

    • LRU (Line Replaceable Unit) Housing BITE: This describes the placement and function of BITE modules within the LRU housings of an aircraft.

    BITE Systems

    • BITE Configurations: Various types of BITE exist, ranging from simple go/no-go indicators (LEDs) to complex systems with multiple LRU testing capabilities and data display.

    • Centralized Monitoring: Modern BITE systems utilize a centralized monitoring system for fault detection and data transmission to maintenance facilities through the flight.

    BITE Information

    • Boeing CMCS (Central Maintenance Computer System): Advanced built-in troubleshooting system used by Boeing.

    • Airbus CFDS (Centralized Fault Display System): Advanced diagnostic system developed by Airbus. Both generally enhance ease of troubleshooting compared to previous systems.

    BITE Philosophy

    • BITE Monitoring: LRUs in the aircraft are constantly monitored by the BITE section in the computer system for safety reasons, to perform diagnostics and ensure proper functionality during operation

    BITE Function

    • Centralized Maintenance Device: BITE data is sent to a central maintenance device for easier fault identification and data analysis.

    • Multiple Advantages of BITE Function: Includes single interface location, quick fault identification, simplified troubleshooting processes, standardization of equipment, and concise technical documentation.

    • Power Up Tests: Safety tests to ensure system functionality upon power-up, focusing on crucial components.

    • Cyclic Tests: System tests that are done without impacting normal operations. Examples include watchdog test for software failure and RAM checks.

    • System Test: Troubleshooting tests for system integrity, following restoration or LRU replacement.

    Specific Tests

    • Stimuli-Based Tests: Tests designed to stimulate various components, such as actuators or valves, potentially impacting various aircraft systems.

    Maintenance Control Display Unit (MCDU)

    • System Components Enabled: The MCDU interacts with systems such as Flight Management (FM), Aircraft Condition Monitoring System (ACMS), Central Maintenance System (CMS), Satellite Communications System (SAT), and Air Traffic Service Unit (ATSU).

    MCDU Utilisation

    • Status Page: The MCDU displays a status page upon initialisation.

    Simple BITE Circuits (Radio Altimeter)

    • BITE Testing Procedure (steps): Procedures for testing radio altimeter BITE circuits involving LEDs, display confirmations, and test button activations.

    • System Operation: Testing involves activating equipment, and checking the correct operation of the transceiver, antenna, and radio altimeter display.

    Self-Test BITE (GPWS)

    • GPWS System Activation: GPWS has a panel test button for initiating the system self-test.
    • Test Sequence Stages: This sequence has predefined events such as lighting, indicators, specific warnings and aural cues, all based on prior activation input or criteria.

    Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)

    • ACARS Functionality: A digital data link reducing flight crew workload, enabling the transmission of routine aircraft and system information.

    • Ground Station Use: Ground stations receive information (including aircraft system faults) for quicker decision-making and parts preparation before aircraft landing.

    • Accelerated Turnaround Time: Reduces time-consuming maintenance tasks and improves maintenance response time.

    Data Bus Fundamentals

    • Electronic Flight Instrumentation: Using digital microprocessors to replace mechanical instruments, with information linked via a multifunction display (MFD) or Digital Display Indicators (DDIs).

    Airbus' Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring System (ECAM)

    • Display Systems: Displays aircraft information on two displays; primary and secondary.

    • Display Locations (Older Models): The displays are close to traditional engine instruments in older aircraft models.

    • CRT/LCD Options: In newer models, the display can be in a different location like the captain's or first officer's seat.

    Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS)

    • EFIS Role: Provides flight crew with the information for aircraft operation. Primarily showing analogue, discrete and digital components for flight control and data indication.

    Primary Flight Display (PFD)

    • Integrated Data: Combines EADI and EHSI data onto a single CRT display.

    • Display Functions: Displays primary air data (attitude, altitude, airspeed), and navigation related information.

    Multifunction or Navigation Display (MFD or ND)

    • Combined Display Functions: Information including navigation, compass, radar, TCAS, flight management and diagnostics are integrated on single displays. The MFD is a backup for PFD and EICAS in case of failure.

    Boeing's Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System (EICAS)

    • Digital Indication: Uses CRT or LCD for data representation eliminating the need for analogue instruments.
    • Failure Display Indication: Indicators use colours and messages to alert crew about critical or warning failures.

    Global Positioning System (GPS)

    • Satellite-Based Navigation: Information from satellites for precise positioning needed for aircraft navigation, updates, and automatic flight control.

    Airborne GPS Components

    • There are various configurations of aircraft GPS systems involving panel-mounted receivers and controllers or remotely mounted receivers with data buses, coupled to either a computer or a Multi-function Control Display Unit (MCDU).

    GPS BITE Test

    • System Testing: The BITE (Built-In Test Equipment) test function for GPS receivers assesses the internal operation and link with the GPS antenna. There is a progress indication through LEDs.

    Inertial Reference System (IRS)

    • IRS Navigation Functions: The IRS independently senses angular rates for navigational calculations, independent of other system inputs.

    • Data Generation: This system produces primary data including attitude and velocity.

    IRS Components

    • IRU (Inertial Reference Units): Maintains angular rates and accelerations, for aircraft position.
    • MSU (Mode Selector Unit): Determines operations modes within the system.
    • ISDU (Inertial System Display Units): Displays data to the flight crew (one per crew position).

    IRS BITE

    • Initial System Test (Verification): IRS performs a BITE test when initially powered on, that confirms the health of the system by monitoring internal circuitry and power supply.

    Standby Power Supply (IRS)

    • Uninterruptible Power (UPS): IRS power supply system automatically shifts between 28 VDC and 115 VAC, or from the main battery and backup batteries, in the event of a bus failure.

    Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)

    • Pilot Alert System: Provides distances and bearings of other aircraft within aircraft proximity, to the flight crew to aid in collision avoidance.

    • Automatic Collision Alerts (Warning Levels): TCAS advises flight crew about potential collisions.

    • TCAS Components: TCAS includes a computer, display screen, and directional antenna.

    TCAS BITE

    • Fault Detection: This process continually monitors TCAS for both system and interface faults.

    FMS (Flight Management System)

    • System Integration: An integrated system that collects data (flight plan), processes information and controls flight. Components include fuel quantity, control, inertial navigation, data link, and EICAS.

    FMC (Flight Management Computer)

    • System Redundancy: Most aircraft have one or more FMCs with data that is duplicated between them, guaranteeing redundancy in case one fails.
    • Data Input and Distribution: Data inputs are received from different parts of the aircraft systems.
    • External Control Display Unit (CDU): The CDU is the interface for entering and manipulating data in external control display units for the FMCs.

    FMS BITE

    • Automatic Testing: The system automatically runs a BITE test during system power-up, and manually if prompted. This test monitors for faults and provides critical data.

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    Typical Electronic/Digital Aircraft Systems I PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various aircraft systems and their functions in modern aviation. This quiz covers essential topics such as navigation, communication, and safety systems used in aircraft. Perfect for aviation students and enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of aircraft technology.

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